Business Ethics Conflict of Interest Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Unfortunately even passage of these laws and regular inspections may work environments can be unhealthy and even dangerous. Modern business world is challenging with higher competition and this work environment create the chances of several accidents. Work place accidents are deferent types some organization did not provide the safety precautions to their employees like safety masks and jackets, lack of maintenance in machines are another problem in safety. Electric shock from machines and another industrial equipments create lot of safety problems. The main safety issues are reported in the area of mining and other industries. The government administrative body for work place safety and Health is inspecting the standards of work environment and machineries. But some time this body is also fails to ensure the safety of employees. Thir main activity is setting a standard for all work environments and they inspect monthly or weekly the organizations meet the standard The safety standardization is very poor the employers can easily ensure the standard. This situation is creating lot of problem make the safety of employees in work place. â€Å"Chemical exposures permitted by weak OSHA standards make workers sick and cause the majority of known work-related deaths. † (Occupational Safety and Health, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics: Conflict of Interest or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page An organizations profitability and growth will depends on its decision making ability among the work force which is possible only through the application of proper business ethics and code of conduct.

Film Analysis of Memento Essay - 845 Words

Film Analysis of Memento Columbia Tristar Films starring Guy Pearce, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Joe Pantoliano released â€Å"Memento† in 2001. The movie was produced by Suzanne and Jennifer Todd, and was directed by Christopher Nolan. Christopher Nolan also wrote the short story and screenplay. This film is about a man named Leonard, played by Guy Pearce, who suffered a major brain injury to the hippocampus that left him with a rare memory disorder called anterograde amnesia. This disorder causes Leonard not to be able to form any new memories. Leonard is now trying to find and kill the person who murdered his wife to avenge his wife’s death. Carrie-Anne Moss plays a friend of Leonard, or so he†¦show more content†¦There is no way to take time to think situations over, a decision must be made immediately or the thought will be forgotten. While Leonard’s memory problem causes him not to be able to form new memories, his memories of everything that happened before the incident are still intact. According to MemoryLossOnline, â€Å"Memories for events that occurred before the injury may be largely spared, but events that occurred since the injury may be lost. In practice, this means that an individual with amnesia may have good memory for childhood and for the years before the injury, but may remember little or nothing from the years since† (â€Å"Anterograde†). Throughout the movie, Leonard recalls information that he remembered before his incident, such as the insurance case he investigated that dealt with another form of anterograde amnesia. Leonard has the ability to carry on normal conversations with people, but after the conversation in over or if he gets distracted for more than a few moments, he forgets what he was doing. This is because â€Å"short term memory is generally spared, which means that the individual may be able to carry on a conversation; but as soon as he is distracted, the memory of the conversation fades† (â€Å"Anterograde†). In one scene, Leonard is arguing with Carrie-Ann Moss’ character about her boyfriend. Moss’Show MoreRelatedMovie Review: Memento746 Words   |  3 PagesMovie Review: Memento Once in a while, a movie turns up and gives extreme experience to viewers. Memento is one of these movies and calls a lot from the viewers. This is not a movie that nearly every audience will be able to grasp without difficulty. When one is passive while viewing this movie, he or she will end up not seeing significant parts of the story as the film is done in reverse to demonstrate the dilemma of the leading role, Leonard. The story line is imparted in a mixed-up manner, havingRead MoreChristopher Nolan As An Auteur2860 Words   |  12 Pages At first glance, Christopher Nolan appears unqualified for auteur status. Many of his films have been remakes, adaptations, or franchise films which carry negative connotations and intellectual lowliness [1]. If we look closer, however, we can see a tendency towards psychologically complex characters, and complex ideology. In order to classify Nolan as an auteur, we must first examine the definition of the word, as Nolan in not an auteur in the traditional sense, like Spielberg or Scorsese. An auteurRead MoreMe and You and Memento and Fargo by J.J. Murphy1640 Words   |  7 Pagesnarrative is vital, whether it be in films, books, theatre, etc. It is a frame for a story to work within. While there is a traditional method and formula to structuring a film narrative, filmmakers all over the world have experimented with breaking the norm and trying new ways to structure a film. It tested the viewer’s notion of what structure is and how a narrative can be told. It was also new and something that audiences were not used to. Even now, a film that moves too far away from theRead MoreChristopher Nolan s Memento : Movie Analysis903 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie that I decided to examine is Christopher Nolan’s Memento. The movie was set in a backwards chronological order meaning that the movies storyline was moving backwards so the sequence of events were backwards as well. The movie starts with Leonard, portrayed by Guy Pearce, shaking an instant photo but the image blurs instead of developing into the actual shot; confirming the reverse storyline. Leonard reveals that he is suffering from a medical condition due to an injury that prevents hisRead MoreEternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind2281 Words   |  10 Pagespreconceived idea of what the scene could be†. - Michel Gondry As this quote from French film director Michel Gondry suggests, the ability of a director to create a film that hides the camera and the construction of a film remains difficult. In his 2004 film, Eternal Sunshine of The Spotless Mind, Gondry utilizes the full potential of the film medium, to express his own unique visual style. He has a number of films that he has directed such as Human Nature, which was also written by scriptwriter CharlieRead MoreHow Bollywood Uses New Media Tools For Marketing Its Film2012 Words   |  9 PagesBackground The Oxford English Dictionary included the term Bollywood in the year 2003. It defined the term as â€Å"The name for the Indian popular film industry, based in Bombay† (â€Å"Bollywood in Oxford Dictionary†, 2003). Nowadays it is also known as largest film production in the world. 1041 films were produced in India in 2006 whereas USA produced just 815 films (â€Å"World Film Market Trends†, 2007). With 27% share of India’s total entertainment industry revenues, Bollywood hugely impacts the music, video, televisionRead MoreFilm Analysis3103 Words   |  13 PagesFilm Analysis Holly Cox Adam Deutsch English 225: Introduction to Film August 30, 2010 Film Analysis There is so much more to analyzing films than watching a movie. Film analysis is a very complex procedure. â€Å"Analysis generally, means breaking up the whole to discover the nature, function, and interrelationships of the parts† (Boggs, J. Petrie, D., 2008, p. 7). In analyzing a film, you must not only analyze the film as a whole, but you must also analyze each element that makes up the filmRead MoreAnalysis Of The Grand Budapest Hotel 1802 Words   |  8 Pages Alexander Pumo Relationships on Film Nick Riggs 12/3/15 The Grand Budapest Hotel To give a proper analysis of The Grand Budapest Hotel, it is necessary to understand the several layers through which the story is told. The film begins with a monologue from the narrator (presumably in the present day) describing to the audience what it is to be a storyteller. He then proceeds to give an exact account of how he, a writer, came to meet and have dinner with an old gentleman named Zero MustafaRead MoreDjango Unchained Analysis Essay2230 Words   |  9 PagesDjango Unchained: Communication and Culture The film set in the deep South in 1858, about a slave who gains his freedom with the help of Dr. King Schultz (Christoph Waltz), a German bounty hunter, and sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal Mississippi plantation owner is an intriguing story with very graphic action scenes. The plot of the story begins as Dr. Shultz buys Django (Jamie Foxx), a black slave, from some traveling slave owners. He buys Django because he is chasing a pair of outlawsRead More Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo Essay3254 Words   |  14 Pagescritical analysis surrounding Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo is itself dizzying, but as the film has recently been restored, it seems appropriate to provide it with a fresh critical reading. The purpose of this paper then, is to draw this film out of the past with a reading that offers not only a new way of understanding it, but a close look at the culture that produced it. Specifically, Vertigo offers its most exciting ideas when contextualized in a cultur e of consumerism. Consumerism shaped the film, and

Thanks to Daddy free essay sample

The voices are familiar, as a fat baby screams playfully and wiggles on the screen. Her hair is unforgettable curly and the never ending smile on her face is caused by the huge yet gentle hands that are tickling her feet. It is their normal play time; after he returns from a long days work. With just one glance at the look on his face, it is undeniable that she is his pride and joy, and despite the fact that minutes ago he was completly drained, he will be sure to keep up his end of this nightly tradition, because for him the time with her is worth missing an extra hour of sleep. It is a feeling that comforts me when I am forced back to reality and the truth hits just as hard as it did the first time. I am the little girl on the TV screen, fast forward 15 years, and that strong but gentle man is gone forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Thanks to Daddy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My father passed away suddenly on December 2, 2009. He was the rock in my life; always there to support me , there for me regardless of how bad or good the decisions I made were. His passing shook me to my core, it was the second and closest passing to me in three years. Death is one of those things that if you let it can drag you down to a point of no return. And I knew even in the night it happened if I wasn’t careful, this could ruin the person my father had helped create along with all the potential, ideals, and values we had spent so many years building. It was then that I decided that I would learn from the situation, and it was from this situation that I learned what was truely important to me. In the years that followed my fathers passing, there have been many highs and low. But despite it all I have perceviered and persisted to my goals. My father died with little that he set off to do unaccomplished ( St. marteen for his 50th birthday, the Mercedes CLS as his new to y car, having â€Å"his girls† happy -a nickname my mother, my sister and I were well known by even in public- and a vast group of close friends and family), and with this exaple I have known that I have big shoes too fill. And always there for me, helping me to reach the potential and accomplish the goals I have set for myself is my family. Family has always been a major part of my life. I grew up looking forward to BBQs and movie night at my aunts. We were always silently there for one another, lending a helping had when asked. But since the passing of my father, the bond that once held us together has been strengthened to a point before unseen. I can no longer imagine a day that I did not simply hear from my cousin Corbin for a simple†watsup†, or a week where my Grandmothers voice was not resonating from my voicemail with her just checking. After the loss of the person, who’s job it once was to keep us all connected we have all stepped up and taken the r esponsibilty of keeping ourselves connected adnd involved in each others lives. The passing of my father has made it obviously apparent to me that family is the most important this in my life. From them and with them everything else lines up and falls into place. My education, then encourage and support me with. Emotional issues, they are always there to listen and help me with my problems. Bored, my Aunt Pam is sure to have a good movie to watch with her famous chocolote strawberry brownies. My family is the most important thing to me and my father helped me realize that.

To Hack Or Not To Hack Essays - Hacker, Hacking, Identity Theft

To Hack Or Not To Hack? Look at them, sitting there unscathed like small children. The poor unsuspecting file server and its accompanying network of computers are just inviting the lonely hacker in. Hacking is an art generally performed by deft hands and quick minds. True hackers are few. The term ?hacker? was an epithet given to computer geeks in the days when computers were an uncommon commodity. These computer gurus were said to hack away at the keyboard all day. The public view of hackers is bad but far from the truth. The public views all hackers as social outcasts who break into computers and destroy them by exposing sensitive information or spreading virii everywhere. This is technically wrong, as this definition is known to the digital underground as a ?Cracker.? Every true hacker's ultimate goal is knowledge. Any possible means may be used to obtain that, including many illegal ones. On the other hand, a cracker breaks into computer systems for the sheer joy of destruction and confusion. People like this should be put behind bars. I am not a bad hacker and expose these holes to help the Administrators minimize future attacks. Recently, I have found dozens of college servers holding web sites that just scream to be defaced by hackers worse than me. They are running an older version of Microsoft FrontPage extensions. This shows us one of two problems with the System Administrators: either they are too lazy to update their software, or they are too ignorant to know how. As System Administrators, their job is to constantly update the server to maintain its security. If they fail, they should not have the job. It is up to ?good? hackers like me to show them these vulnerabilities to minimize the damage done. Using the vulnerabilities in this older version of the FrontPage software, I gained access to the Wyoming University's password file and ultimately gained access to that server. I added a small link to the bottom of this web page saying ?hello.? When the link was clicked, it would email me. This infuriated this particular System Administrator to the point that he was ready to prosecute me. He emailed me saying that he was going to prosecute me to the maximum extent possible under the law. Because I left no log of what I did, I told him he couldn't prosecute me because he couldn't find me. Then I emailed him telling him how to fix this vulnerability in the older version of FrontPage. If he had simply performed his job and updated his software, this would have never happened. This is just an example of one of the unsuspecting fileservers open to hackers. If some other had have found this before me, it could have been ugly. As System Administrators, your job is to maintain and secure the network. This incident could have been avoided altogether by simply downloading and installing the update from the Microsoft web site. Please take this advice and update your software. Thank you for your time. Bibliography none Computers and Internet Essays

Concise overview of the motivation theory, based Essays

Concise overview of the motivation theory, based Essays Concise overview of the motivation theory, based Essay Concise overview of the motivation theory, based Essay Concise overview of the motive theory, based on findings in the literature and on the PP presentation The inquiry on how to outdo motivate people is one that has been posed since the origin of labour and likely earlier. Yet clip and clip once more society has shown that strictly fiscal incentives are non ever the most effectual. Companies normally start with basic premises about what motivates persons, yet find when those are placed in existent pattern that they are either straight on point or that they bring about a consequence that was non an intended or even expected result. Companies seek to actuate people so that they accomplish assorted ends or aims, even thought studies and experiments have shown it non to be the instance, a batch of directors believe that strictly fiscal inducements are the best manner to acquire people to give their best attempt. Another common premise is that behavior is a map of its effect, hence if you want more of some behaviour, like difficult work, so that behaviour demands to be reinforced’ [ 1 ] This support frequently comes from fiscal inducements. The concluding premise is that people will do determinations based on whether or non they will obtain a certain result by doing that determination. Again, directors frequently take this premise and presume that people will work harder if offered more money in exchange for it. Three theories of Motivation[ 2 ] The truth is that there are three ways to that fiscal inducements operate in the work topographic point. The first is to actuate. Motivation is the usual sought after consequence of fiscal inducements by directors and for the most portion fiscal inducements will provide employees with motive. However, there are cases where the mechanics of a company –i.e. its regulations and ordinances will do a dislocation between the inducement and the motive. In order for motive to work decently there must be efficient systems in topographic point, there must be adequate information so that people can make their occupation good, and employees must hold sufficient accomplishment sets to really be able to better on their public presentation. None of the above will be of any consequence if increased public presentation is non in the power of those that are having the fiscal inducements. If an single can’t control the public presentation that the fiscal inducements are based upon he/she in bend can non command the reception of the fiscal inducements and have no true inducement to execute any better at their peculiar occupation. This in bend strains feelings of defeat, unhappiness and dismay due to the deficiency of control over their fiscal chances. In short feeling helpless is non a incentive. Information is besides a powerful incentive. The manner fiscal inducements are set up in a company send signals to employees on what is genuinely of import to direction and this in bend is what becomes genuinely of import to the employees. [ 3 ] If a company policy indicates a located value on one facet of the company but fiscal inducements show that existent value is placed on another facet of the company, employees will normally follow the fiscal inducement value. In apparent terms- employees will look at the company’s wage system to garner information on what truly affairs to senior leading. The concluding major type of incentive is based on public presentation wage alternatively of merely incentive pay- a drama on the endurance of the fittest theory. What public presentation wage does is weed out those employees who are non as motivated or skilled as their fellow employees. If wage is based on public presentation so those that are willing to travel above and beyond will boom, and those that merely want to keep the position quo will fall between the cracks- or happen another topographic point to work. Premises and Flaws within the Theories[ 4 ] There are flaws built-in in each system and these defects will do the above systems to neglect dependent upon other fortunes. When the systems fail, when people are non decently motivated in the work topographic point, it can hold the consequence of stagnated work attempt, high turnover, and diminish company public presentation. A defect that is found in the fiscal inducements theory, as a whole is that people are motivated more by money that other factors. Surveies show that people feel that other people are more motivated by money than they themselves are. Meaning upper direction of a company may misestimate what employees need for motive and presume that it is strictly fiscal when in world it could be something wholly different. Surveies besides show that fiscal wagess systematically rank behind feelings of ego worth, being appreciated, and belief in importance of work to call a few. This ill-conceived position of the importance of fiscal incentives can do upper direction to do dearly-won erroneous determinations in respects how much accent is placed on types of workplace incentives. Another defect is failure to account for the implicit in signals that execution of fiscal inducements will convey approximately or to recognize that sometimes an inducement can be merely the airing of information throughout the company of patterns that could assist the company as a whole. Since most employees are entirely motivated by money it follows that employees can be motivated by merely allowing them cognize who certain behaviours will assist the company as a whole-increasing persons feeling’s of self worth- in short- what you do every twenty-four hours maters to everyone and affects us as a whole. If a company’s fiscal inducement system signals to employee’s that gross revenues are the impulsive factor and non needfully client service, by honoring gross revenues but supplying no inducement for return gross revenues or client satisfaction evaluations so employees will let their client service to dawdle every bit long as it doesn’t have a direct consequence on gross revenues. This might non be the what the company intended to carry through by its inducement system, but was what employees read the company’s inducement system to intend. In short it is of import to see inducements with the company’s overall conventional to do certain that signals that are sent correlative with what the company is seeking to accomplish within the systems that are already runing within. Motivation of the incorrect behaviour is a defect that occurs when the work flow procedure isn’t taken into consideration in the execution of the inducement. For case, inducements that are given on single end product based on nonsubjective standards- are more effectual when an employee is entirely responsible for his output-there is no dependance on others to factor in. When there is mutuality so these types of inducements are non as effectual. It can ensue in hapless on the job dealingss due to fierce competition and infighting- that in bend have a negative consequence on a company as a whole. Most employees place an utmost sum of value on good work topographic point dealingss and a deficiency of such can antagonize any positive consequences sought by execution of the inducement. Besides incentives based entirely on end product introduce the seeds of corruptness. Employees develop a ( Pfeffer A ; Sutton, 2007 ) ( Bercovitch ) ( Turkajl, Fosic, A ; Dujak ) whatever it takes type of attitude that could take to flexing of regulations and other types of unwanted behaviour in order to run into the ends required to derive the inducement. Fiscal inducements can besides convey about a wealth of endowment that is non focused on the company’s growing or wellness but is entirely motivated by the inducements offered. This in bend sets the phase for high turnover, deficiency of ethical behaviour in higher ranks, and lowered work morale. Booming companies have employees that are at that place because they believe in something and this belief non the wage causes them to work every bit difficult or harder than employees that are merely at that place to pick up a payroll check. Describe how you use this cognition in your work and personal life. In order to happen true felicity we must foremost find what motivates us. These incentives can and normally do alter depending on our age, familial position, and calling ends and the resulting experiences. Personally it is safe to state that obtaining an instruction that is honoring yet interesting is a actuating factor that sends many to college, and was the determination behind my college calling pick. However, I found that what I thought were my programs and ends changed after I got into college, and I found myself prosecuting a higher instruction entirely for the intent of doing money or striking it large, make up ones minding that every bit long as I didn’t do something that I detested I could pull off. So your first calling stairss are determined by what motivates you – money, celebrity, calling satisfaction, or a combination of them all. But until you begin work your college calling is merely an articulated stake that you will really bask the work that you are fi xing for with your instruction. Once you begin work or even your first internship you begin the enlightening stage. This is where you really can construct a realistic position of your calling and what it will supply for you financially and otherwise. It is with the information that you gather from really working in your calling that you can find whether or non enough you will be able to keep proper motive in your workplace. For case, jurisprudence school is really different than the pattern of jurisprudence. It isn’t until a individual begins practising that they have sufficient information to procedure sing the fiscal inducements and other inducements to do a determination on whether or non they have really chosen the right calling. The choice consequence is truly a key for most of us because we are cognizant, for the most portion, about what type of atmosphere we can stand out in and what type we can non. We are of course attracted to callings that involvement us and that we feel we have particular aptitud e in. Lone persons that are shallow brands calling picks entirely for the money, and the built-in sadness that comes with those determinations follows them until adulthood catches up or until they’ve made adequate money to go out the work force. Personally all of the theories apply, my calling picks are grounded in motivation- being motivated to pay pupil loans, and to supply for myself ; they are besides grounded in information- I have taken the clip to make the research and garner the information on precisely what it is my calling offers me and hopefully with the completion of an internship will hold an even greater information base to mention to ; and eventually the choice consequence what type of work am I best suited and motivated to execute, I believe that my fight would accommodate me good whether or non pay was based on public presentation or senior status. In respects to my personal life this information can be used to confront the challenges of life caput on to cover with the alterations you encounter throughout. For case in a relationship you have to happen out what motivates the other individual to travel above and beyond to maintain the love affair alive and to go on to seek to maintain the other individual happy. Sometimes you begin a relationship and after you’ve received more information you decide that the motive to stay in the relationship is no more. The choice consequence and the information consequence semen into drama in about every determination to be made in a relationship in taking a the province to populate in, an flat, a auto, how you plan to adorn your apartment- in about every determination to be made there are factors that will actuate you to do one over the other. This is so true that in most major determinations such flats and autos, the Sellerss will offer some kind of fiscal inducement to acquire you to take one over the other. Free rent, low involvement rates, no down payments, etc. All of these are illustrations of how fiscal inducements influence all of our personal lives. In our personal lives we make determinations based on our fiscal state of affairss and how these inducements influence all of the other determinations in our lives. For case even doing the determination to acquire married to a certain grade goes with fiscal inducements. Lapp for divorce, sometimes fiscal inducements cause people to set off divorce or even informational inducements. Peoples try to remain together to cover with each other for kids, for mortgages, for a figure of grounds. Another manner fiscal incentives come to play in our personal lives is with kids. Making the determination to hold kids is one based on fiscal incentives- can you afford them, if you can how many can you afford. Once you have kids, fiscal incentives become one of the best ways to maintain them motivated. We start off on allowances, the bigger the allowance the more jobs we are willing to accept. If our allowance is based on existent public presentation so surprisingly jobs that were half done earlier are done absolutely. Good classs are another illustration of performance-based inducement. Parents carefully blend a assortment of actuating factors to maintain their children’s public presentation in school and excess curricular activities up to par. Children themselves are motivated by choice theory- in order to acquire into the best schools kids are cognizant that they have to execute at a certain degree. Some people are motivated to seek to acquire into the top schools because of the prestigiousness, calling aspirations and fiscal inducements and hence they put forth the excess attempt to acquire at that place. Others are satisfied with obtaining what they c onsider to be sufficient schooling, and still run into their ends and aims without seting themselves out or puting excess attempt. When we allow inducements to take precedence over other countries of our lives is where errors and declinations tend to happen. If we make determinations based strictly on fiscal factors without taking into history the complexness of our lives, our ideas and what we truly see to be of import, it has the same consequence that it has on corporate directors who assume that strictly fiscal inducements will work out problems- a whole new harvest of unexpected jobs arise. Independently based determinations are motivated by wholly different factors than those made by people that are mutualist. When you are individual you merely have to take into history what matters and motivates you, the lone information that affairs is what you think, feel, and how your life is affected by the determination. When you are married or in a relationship or if you are a parent your determinations must be based on your relationship with person else. You must take into consideration information that concerns them, what the consequence of your determination will be on everyone concerned. The motive and fiscal inducement theories that have such an consequence on company public presentation and end product have the same effects on our personal lives. The same booby traps that directors run across in seeking to calculate out how to actuate employees are same booby traps that we encounter in seeking to calculate out what motivates us to make things we do and how to keep that mot ive. No affair what it required test and mistake to acquire the combination right. CONCISE OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS Conflict direction in organisations takes on a assortment of signifiers and consequences from force, devastation, inefficiency and unreason [ 5 ] . Conflict in organisations can ensue from interaction where the parties disagree with one another in respects to thoughts, policies, values, among others ( pg 105 ) . Conflict is a consequence of a assortment of conditions including: ancestor conditions, cognitive conditions, and behavior conditions. [ 6 ] Besides, struggle is multi-dimensional although the dimensions are interrelated. The three dimensions are the struggle state of affairs, the struggle attitudes, and the struggle behaviour. [ 7 ] What is Organizational Conflict? Organizational struggle is frequently the medium of alteration, without it most organisations would stagnate, neglect to come on and efficaciously decease off. However, struggle within an organisation must be managed in order to be effectual. The two chief types of struggle within an organisation are interpersonal struggle or interdepartmental struggle. [ 8 ] When analysing struggle it is of import to first see the beginnings of the struggle. There are three chief beginnings structural struggle, which occurs between to sections of the same organisation ; function struggle, which arises between persons due to their predefined responsibilities within an organisation ; and resource struggle, which deals with different groups within an organisation viing for certain resources that are available within the organisation. [ 9 ] Within any of these three beginnings you can rest assured that certain factors will be present that influence or establish the existent struggle no affair what the s ource- deficiency of communicating, hierarchal, and personal. [ 10 ] These factors will more frequently than non play a cardinal function in the struggle and the struggle itself can normally be broken down into one or more of these factors. Personal struggle comes about where people of different backgrounds, thought forms, and ends are brought together in a on the job state of affairs and these built-in differences brings about changing point of views that are non able to be reconciled. [ 11 ] Functional struggle is merely a smaller facet of hierarchal struggle. Each organisation has an organisational chart, and that chart defines where each individual within the organisation tantrums and what their functions within the organisation are. There are times that these definitions and lines become blurry or even where persons step out of their peculiar position on the chart. When this occurs it normally brings about functional struggle. [ 12 ] . Similar to functional struggle is interdepartmental struggle ; this can be harmonizing to different sections within the same edifice, different subordinates within the same parent, or even different merchandise lines within the same industry. Page 108. No affair how the section is br oken down or defined if there are shared ends that require sections to vie for the same resources or where ends are different and yet sections are dependent on one another to run into the individualised ends, struggle will frequently originate. [ 13 ] A figure of times particularly when the sections are non housed within the same edifice factors such as deficiency of communicating and personal struggle exacerbate the interdepartmental struggle doing it to intensify beyond the norm if non cover with and viewed in an nonsubjective mode. The Procedure of Conflict Conflict besides has a procedure it merely doesn’t appear out of nowhere, there is a edifice up to the ultimate struggle and if the phases can be identified, it can assist in the ultimate direction of the struggle. [ 14 ] The first phase in struggle is the latent phase. [ 15 ] This is where the factors such as communicating, personal and structural Begin to play a polar function. Communication is normally the largest factor in this phase because about all struggle consequences ab initio from deficiency of clear communicating. However personal struggles and structural struggles create noise ( intervention ) within the communicating channel- causation state of affairss to intensify. [ 16 ] The following phase of struggle is the knowledge and personalization phase that in itself has two sub phases: a. perceptual experience of the participants in the struggle and b. saying feelings and showing consciousness of pending struggle. [ 17 ] The last phase is conflict manifestation where the parties have become hostile and are in unfastened dissension [ 18 ] Effective Conflict Management In order for the struggle that drives alteration in organisational structures/cultures to lend in a positive manner there must be effectual struggle direction. Effective direction of struggle will carry through two things: minimisation of the break of the organisation by the struggle and supplying a solution that works for all parties involved. [ 19 ] Certain demands must be in topographic point for the struggle to be resolved, these demand are normally combined in some manner. Situation demands allow for the appropriate clip to decide the struggle and the appropriate power players’ engagement so that the declaration may be reached. [ 20 ] Attitudinal demands mean that there is a certain degree of trust and assurance between the parties and both are willing to come to the tabular array to hash out a declaration [ 21 ] Perceptual demands mean that the parties do non experience the demand to win or rule the declaration and can therefore collaborate more efficaciously [ 22 ] and eventually behavioural demands where both parties are willing to freely turn to the issues and work until a solution that is acceptable to both can be reached. [ 23 ] There are 5 chief types of struggle direction manners. Each one is used to turn to a peculiar type of struggle and this depends on the factors and parties that are involved. The first is laterality – this manner is best used when the parties are non collaborating at all yet still desire precisely what they want. [ 24 ] This means that there is a definite victor also-ran, one party will hold their demands met and the other will non. [ 25 ] The following manner is Integration, this occurs with parties that are truly willing to collaborate, yet still take a firm stand on their needs/desires being met. [ 26 ] This requires originative job resolution by all parties involved and will besides normally occur when the parties have unfastened lines of communicating between them. This manner takes longer because both sides end up with demands met without holding to give up their places. The via media manner of struggle manages is where both sides have a medium degree of cooperation and are reasonably involved with acquiring their demands and desires met. [ 27 ] In order to make an understanding both sides give up something they want to make the ultimate end of struggle declaration. In the turning away manner, cooperation between the parties is low, yet so is the desire of the parties to hold their needs/wants met. [ 28 ] This manner belies that there was any existent struggle from the beginning because one of the parties merely turns a unsighted eye- there is nil to reason about here. This manner normally creates more struggle because the implicit in causes of the struggle are neer resolved and unrecorded to rise up their caput on another juncture. The last manner of struggle direction is cooperation. [ 29 ] Parties in this type of declaration are ready to collaborate and readily give up their wants/interests for the other party. [ 30 ] Once once more this sets the phase for future struggle because of a party that had adequate wants and desires to make some kind of struggle who is now giving those up for the benefit of another party. However it is of import to observe that in this manner both parties are ready to collaborate to calculate out a redress and there fore it might be that the declaration brings about a togetherness that in bend denies the return of the struggle. DESCRIBE HOW I USE THIS KNOWLEDGE IN MY WORK AND PERSONAL LIFE Everyday we are environing by struggle. There is struggle in traffic, with relationships, with colleagues, with the client service representatives at companies dealt with –almost every twenty-four hours we are pulled into struggle and must somehow figure out how to cover with it. The manner that struggle is resolved at work is wholly different than the manner the struggle would be resolved in my personal life. Because my place at work is non one of direction I don’t normally use the laterality manner of direction. If I encounter struggle at the work topographic point it normally requires the coaction manner or even the via media manner. We all work together to seek to calculate out a solution that works best for everyone involved including upper management- i.e. them non holding to acquire involved. However there are clip where the struggle requires upper direction to step in and at those times a laterality manner is used by them, the struggle is quashed there is a definite winning and losing side and the parties that lose must keep their licking in quiet entry. So when parties that have tendency to conflict cognize that it is of the type that would do upper direction to acquire involved, so sometime to avoid the engagement of direction the person will utilize the turning away technique. Now the struggle at work most frequently arises from deficiency of clear communicating or from interpersonal struggle of new inductees into the organization’s corporate civilization. These state of affairss can sometimes be resolved at the initial phases of the struggle to avoid matured struggle. The interdepartmental struggle within the organisation that I work for normally ever consequences form differing thoughts between certain cabals on the best manner to manage state of affairss that arise. Sometimes the noise between section directors escalates the struggle and if there isn’t a high degree of regard among the parties, one time once more upper direction will normally acquire involved implement their laterality and we have a victor and a also-ran. Department caputs have learned over the class of clip that this isn’t what is effectual for sections or their several employees so more frequently than non there is a scheduled clip for treatment where the determination shapers get involved and engrossed in the struggle until a declaration can be reached. Whenever the turning away technique is employed it normally consequences in that subject of struggle reappearing in one signifier or another because of the deficiency of turn toing the job by person who truly felt that a job existed. This is widely known so at least one time a one-fourth everyone is given the opportunity to portion their perceptual experiences and unsolved struggles anonymously and the full company, foremost section by section and so as whole addresses the struggle and efforts to come up with solutions that could decide the struggle in manner that meets the demands of as many people in the company as possible while still taking into consideration the demands of the company as a whole. Personal struggles are a portion of mundane life and those struggles are more adeptly handled by people when you are familiar with the manners of struggle direction are sensitive plenty to cognize when to deploy which type of manner. For case in romantic relationships the manner that you handle the struggle will depend on what the struggle revolves about. Minor struggles that result from deficiency of clear communicating are sometimes best handled by turning away. If what you stand to lose is non that great, so it is better to sometimes to non prosecute. Besides cooperation will work good in this state of affairs if what you are giving up is non that of import to you- for case who is cooking dinner. This is a little struggle yet if handled with dominance- I will non cook dinner, it could intensify into a bigger struggle and in retrospect to both parties will probably non be worth it. It is easy to see how in most personal relationships the laterality manner of struggle direction can do more harm than anything. In friendly relationships the desire to keep the relationship along with the deficiency of webs that are built-in in love affair make it easier to prosecute in coaction and via media. Conflict with your best friend is conflict that you want to decide rapidly yet expeditiously and your lovingness for that individual will let you to come in into a via media or coaction more efficaciously. Dominance normally does non come into the image here and is non effectual even if it does. Dominance conflict direction can easy convey about the terminal of a friendly relationship and for that affair the terminal of a relationship depending on the issue that that the struggle has arisen around. Yet as parents, the laterality type of struggle direction is frequently employed due to the fact that there is a higher cognition base for parents than with kids, and for the safety of the kid, losing is frequently a world of struggle with the parents. In minor issues such as choi ce of apparels and other affairs that don’t contain the potency for injury the coaction and/or via media manner are highly effectual for making a happy medium for all involved. It is rare that parents will utilize the turning away technique with kids, and this is a consequence once more of the kineticss of the parent kid relationship. Choosing to let a kid to prosecute a method that has the potency for injury is a bad struggle direction technique and a hapless parenting technique that could hold black effects. The day-to-day struggles that occur between people in the kingdom of client service frequently result in either the laterality manner or the via media manner and non so much of any other type. If there is a dissension about a measure sometimes the seller will fall back to compromise in order to acquire their demands met while still keeping a positive client relationship. However, if for case the client is returning something that is faulty they will use a laterality type of declaration to the situation- I will non accept faulty goods and hence will take a firm stand upon winning the struggle. In this type of state of affairs the seller has no pick but to lose, because the effects of seeking to win are more than probably non worth it. People don’t and won’t wage for points that don’t work or that are faulty, it is built-in in the relationship of the parties involved. More frequently than non parties will seek to decide struggle in a manner that leaves everyone in a just place. You have clients that refuse to pass on and really project their interior struggle or even their latent struggle with others into new state of affairss and in state of affairss like this via media is seldom reached. Compromise requires both parties to be every bit realistic as possible and to be unfastened plenty to seeing both sides of the apple when seeking to run into their demands. I have found that the via media technique is about ever the best manner to manage personal struggle. It maintains the relationship and still allows you to be able to run into the bulk of your demands and leaves both parties in the place of being willing to cover with one another at a hereafter day of the month. Dangerous Half Truths About Pull offing Peoples and Organizations. Pfeffer, J. , A ; Sutton, R. ( 2007 ) . Do Fiscal Incentives Drive Company Performance. InDifficult Facts, Dangerous Half-Truths, and Entire Nonesense Profiting from Evidence-Based Management.Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press. Turkajl, Z. , Fosic, I. , A ; Dujak, D. ( n.d. ) . Conflict Managment In Organziation.J.J. Stossmeyer University Economics Department, pp. 505-516.

Free Essays on House Of Usher

creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the setting is to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Usher's mansion is on example of this. There is a "barely perceptible fissure" in the masonry. It is a small crack in "The House of Usher" which the narrator defines as "both the family and the family mansion." This foreshadows an event that will ruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderick and Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a "wild inconsistency between [the masonry's] still perfect adaptation. and the crumbling condition of the individual stones." This is also symbolic. The stones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and... Free Essays on House Of Usher Free Essays on House Of Usher In the short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, the famous author Edgar Alan Poe writes about a man with a dreadful illness living in a gloomy house. There are three main characters: the narrator, Roderick and Lady Madeline Usher. Poe mentions little about the narrator who is a childhood friend of Roderick. Roderick Usher and Madeline Usher are brother and sister and the two sole survivors of the House of Usher. The story begins with the nameless narrator explaining his reason for coming to see his childhood friend Roderick. Roderick has grown very sick over the past few years and so has his sister Lady Madeline. Their physical and mental conditions have deteriorated dramatically along with the condition of the mansion in which they live. It is mentioned that even though the structure of the house was still intact, it was surrounded by decaying trees and murky ponds. Upon careful inspection, a crack starting at the roof and going down into the ground could be seen. The Usher household, once a respectable family, now was disappearing into the ruins. The narrator had not seen Roderick since their childhood days. However, the letter that Roderick writes to his friend is so passionate that his friend cannot resist coming to help. Roderick writes with his heart and soul that he is in a very poor physical condition and that he needs the help of a friend to help him recover. In the hopes of being able to help Roderick, his friend ends up coming to see him. As he enters the Usher mansion, he discovers that the inside of the house is just as spooky as the outside of not more. Furthermore, there is not a single sign of light in the house. Even a faint glow hurts Roderick’s eyes. It is said that Roderick’s disease is of the ‘acuteness of senses’. This meaning that his senses do not work correctly. He can only wear clothes of certain textures and is hears strange sounds sometimes through his ears. As Roderick Ushe... Free Essays on House of Usher â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Setting "The Fall of the House of Usher," by Edgar Allen Poe, the setting is used extensively to do many things. The author uses it to convey ideas, effects, and images. It establishes a mood and foreshadows future events. Poe communicates truths about the character through setting. Symbols are also used throughout to help understand the theme through the setting. Poe uses the setting to create an atmosphere in the reader's mind. He chose every word in every sentence carefully to create a gloomy mood. For example, Usher's house, its windows, bricks, and dungeon are all used to make a dismal atmosphere. The "white trunks of decayed trees," the "black and lurid tarn," and the "vacant, eyelike windows" contribute to the collective atmosphere of despair and anguish. This is done with the words black, lurid, decayed, and vacant. The narrator says that the Usher mansion had "an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven." It was no where near being beautiful, holy, or clean. He uses descriptive words such as decayed, strange, peculiar, gray, mystic, Gothic, pestilent, dull and sluggish to create the atmosphere. Poe's meticulous choice of words creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the setting is to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Usher's mansion is on example of this. There is a "barely perceptible fissure" in the masonry. It is a small crack in "The House of Usher" which the narrator defines as "both the family and the family mansion." This foreshadows an event that will ruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderick and Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a "wild inconsistency between [the masonry's] still perfect adaptation. and the crumbling condition of the individual stones." This is also symbolic. The stones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and...

A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch - Essay Example This political novel first appears in 1962 in the Soviet literary magazine Novy Mir which originally purposed to be modeled like the pre-Soviet magazine Mir Bozhy. However, it goes beyond that by publishing controversial issues on Soviet history in order to expose the cruel and brutal realities which have not been publicly unheard. A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch becomes controversial because it marks the first mention of forced collectivization of farms and existence of labor camps.The political novel describes in full detail a day in the life of a prisoner named Ivan Denisovitch in one of the Soviet labor camps. Set in a cold winter morning in 1951, the novel opens with the main character waking up sick. Because he "hadn't feel right since the night before" (6), he decides to rise past the wake-up call thinking that the kindly guard is on duty. However, as a different guard is making the rounds, he is punished to clean the guardhouse after which he hurriedly went to the mess hall to have his breakfast. Noting that he should be excused to work because of his illness, he presented himself to the dispensary who concluded that his fever is not high enough for him to be excused.The next portions of the novel provide a description of Ivan's squad, the relationship among the prisoners, and the cruelty that they go through. Every morning and afternoon, each of the prisoners needs to undergo body checks and body count where they need to undress in the freezing cold in order to ensure that they do not possess any prohibited things. Their work is in a construction site where the work condition is hardly bearable. In the coldness of the winter, the mortar utilized in bricklaying readily freezes if not applied fast enough (180). Even in their hard labor, the prisoners suffer from the limited supplies of food (88-89). Ivan tries to survive by outsmarting the people in the kitchen to get a second serving and hiding things which he can exchange for food at a later time . A notable character in the story is Tsezar who is not required to render manual labor because of his intellect but is confined in the office. Ivan works for him late in the afternoon in exchange for food which is send by Tsezar's family. At the end of the day, Ivan prays and thanks the Lord for granting him good things during the day amidst the torture and cruelty that he suffers throughout it: "Thanks be to Thee, O God, another day over!(560)" The prisoner appreciates the simple things which he considers good fortune in a brutal labor camp. After reading the novel, I believe that the author has been very effective in communicating his main ideas and issues to his audience. His experience in one of these labor camps, together with the pain it might have caused him is clearly portrayed in every chapter. His illustration of the characters and their individual feelings is evidenced to have been a description of his internal emotions. Reading the novel can be likened to experiencing cruelty in the labor camps first hand because of the specific and vivid details he included. Amidst from the cruel workplace, people in the camp doesn't seem to care. Shokuv laments "Can a man who's warm understand one who's freezing" (124). I believe that the significance of the literary piece should not be only gauged in the artistry of the writer but more importantly, its impact to its readers. During the first time of its publication, A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich has stirred interest among Russia because of the controversy it unveils. A student in this modern world, I can attest the significance of this novel which goes beyond acquainting me to the Soviet history

Operation case (THE MONGOLIAN GRILL) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Operation (THE MONGOLIAN GRILL) - Case Study Example In addition, Mr. Butkus should ensure that all new staff understands the concept fully before commencing work. This includes thorough orientation and training to ensure new staff understands the four main features: entertaining and interactive environment, fresh and healthy food ingredients, unlimited food quantities, and customer involvement during food preparation. If Mr. Butkus chooses to move the cooking grill to the center in order to allow more space, he should also consider hiring additional staff immediately to work part time. The idea is to allow enough time for the new employees to train and understand the concept as well as to familiarize them to customers. Mr. Butkus, the owner of the Mongolian Grill restaurant in London Ontario considered a major design decision on whether to change the change the original design of the Waterloo location in order to increase the grill capacity and serve customer faster. The major decision for Mr. Butkus was whether to add a second area for food preparation or to move the cooking grill. i. Move the cooking grill from the corner to a central area in the restaurant in order to increase counter space. This strategic decision would create more space and allow the restaurant to accommodate more patrons, especially during the peak hours. ii. Immediately hire more cooks to work during busy periods in order to reduce workload to existing staff. The current staffs are overworked and may not perform as expected for the company to meet its operational objectives. Hiring additional staff would ensure that the restaurant does not neglect important aspects of operations including cleanliness and focus on fresh foods. Furthermore, tired staff may be detrimental to the restaurant. Therefore, this decision would ensure that staff focuses more on delivering the best service, a primary goal for the business. iii. Allow two cooks to work 30-minute intervals covering a single shift. Although this would increase the cost

Technologies are important and helpful in everyone’s life Essay Example for Free

Technologies are important and helpful in everyone’s life Essay Computers help people to do such things or tasks easily and faster. Technology has a systematic and organized way of keeping data records, computing numbers, accomplishing a lot of transactions and reports. A system of a library is made to have a fast process of transactions for searching book titles, borrowing books, returning books, computing penalties and generating an accurate report. Aguilar Catholic School, High school department is located at Poblacion Aguilar, Pangasinan. It is a religious school and the religion of all the students and staffs is Roman Catholic and their library is open for them. It has a collection of books, magazines, journals, dictionaries, encyclopedias and other reading materials. The library is still using a card catalogues in searching books and the librarian is still using manual transaction for borrowing, returning and generating reports. Using a manual process is a hard work and because of it the librarian is having a problem to serve each students and faculties who wish to use the library. Aguilar Catholic School is using a record book to track borrowed books from the library. The librarian will write down the book being borrowed, borrower, book information, date borrowed and the date returned. A penalty is given to the borrower if he/she loses the book; the due date of returning of the book has ended. The penalty for losing a book depends on the amount of the book and if the borrower returned the book after its due date the penalty is 10 pesos. The proponent observed a lot of errors occurring in their manual system. The librarian is having difficulty working in the library and the borrowers are having difficulty in searching the book. General Objective The general objective of this project is to develop and implement a LAN base library system with barcode for Aguilar Catholic School to improve their processes and operations that will make transactions and the generation of reports accurate, fast and easy. Specific Objectives The specific objectives of the project are the following: * To design a prototype that will be easy to navigate interface * To develop a library system that will encourage students to use the library as the main source of information. * To develop a system that will be secured by applying user ID and password so that authorized persons can only access the important tasks. * To develop a system that will make use of barcode scanner, thus remove the filling up of different forms, for more rapidly borrowing and returning transactions. * To develop a system that will make cataloguing simpler. * To develop a system that will make searching of the available books and other reference materials in the library easy for the students. * To make a system that will make inventory of books and other reference materials reduce time consuming. * To develop a system that will produce accurate annual and quarterly statistical reports fast. * To test and evaluate the acceptability of the system in terms of functionality, reliability, usability and so on by gathering feedback from prospective users and technical experts. * Scope of the Project Since Aguilar Catholic School doesn’t have any computerized system, the scope of the project will include the system will make use of the barcode technology so the students and employees will only have to use their IDs when making a transaction, which is more convenient. The project include; the following features: Easy to navigate Interface; capability to search for the available title, author and subject of the book; compute the fine of the book when it is overdue; Inventory of books and other reference materials; and the generation of reports that they are making which are annual and quarterly statistical reports. The project will include student, employee’s alumni ledger, which will list all the reference materials that they borrowed. The report for the list of unreturned books will also be included in the project. For the students to search about the availability of books and other reference materials inside the library the researchers will include a LAN-based Public Access Catalog. All information covered within the system is in accordance with the existing book references within the library of the school. The system will only be implemented in the secondary library of Aguilar Catholic School. The system is LAN-based; it can only be accessed inside the campus. * List of Deliverables * User Manual It contains guide and associated images in how program should look like document intended to give assistance to people using a particular system, the proponents will provide a booklet that can guide them in how the system works. * Training Plan Training Plan is to define the strategies, tasks, and methods that will be used to meet the training requirements, the proponents will train the users and explain to them how the system works. The proponents will also observe and gather data while the users are using the new system. * Deployment Plan. Deployment Plan defines how software will be implemented into the organization that will access deployed applications, the proponents will make sure that the system will work properly and it will satisfy the company before letting them to use it, In the deployment plan the proponents will have to use SQL server for the database, cables for connection, barcode scanner, printer and computers for the LAN-based Public Access Catalog and for the workstations of the librarian. * Maintenance Plan It is plan that defines rate and scope of corrective and preventative maintenance for applications or software. Corrective maintenance is a reactive modification of a software product performed after delivery to correct discovered problems, Maintenance Plans are also sometimes known as Standard Operating Procedures. The procedures the proponents will be doing are Recovery Plan and Backup, Recovery plans contain detailed instructions for returning services to a working state. Backup plan or the process of backing up refers to making copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to bring back the original after a data loss event that may be due to failure or unintentionally deleted or corrupted file. CHAPTER II. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM Review of Existing System 0 Manual Library System Of Aguilar Catholic School Borrower Borrower Borrowers Info Book Borrowed Library card Library card Book Info Returned Book Fine info Librarian Newly acquired Books Librarian Penalty Info Reports Figure 1 Context Diagram of Existing System Figure 1 shows the general flow of the existing system within the Library of Roosevelt College. It includes different entities namely: Borrower and Librarian. An also It includes different inputs and outputs. Input are Borrowers info, library card, book info returned book, newly acquired books. Outputs are borrowed book, library card fine info, penalty info, reports. Figure 2. Diagram 0 of Existing System Figure 2 show the detail data process of existing system. First transaction begins with the borrower. Strengths * Manual system can still function without electricity. * A lesser amount of electrical equipment * Users are more familiar with the manual system Weaknesses * time-consuming transactions * Inaccurate information of students and books * Space occupied by the card catalog cabinet and steel drawers. Opportunities * Increase number of enrollees * Increase number that utilized library. * Make faster and accurate transaction using computerized system Threats * Users are not familiar with the computerized system * Computerized system cannot function without electricity * Increase in expenditures, especially in electricity * Files can be corrupted by malware and viruses REVIEW OF RELATED SYSTEMS The UE Library System is a network of eleven libraries, with the Main Library in the Manila Campus as the biggest. There are separate libraries for the Graduate School, CPA Review School, the Colleges of Law, Dentistry and Engineering, the Laboratory Schools and the Archives, as well as special rooms for audiovisual services. There are two libraries in the Caloocan campus, the main library which is the Benjamin G. Chua Jr. Library and one for the College of Engineering. The Main Library in Manila is the hub of the entire system of libraries in the campus. It is the largest among the libraries in the system. It has sections for Circulation, Reserve, CCSS Library, Acquisitions, Cataloging, Reference, Filipiniana, and Periodicals, which are housed on the second, third and fourth floors of the POD-CIT Building. Bibliographic access to the library collections is through the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) terminals available in all the libraries. An Online Public Access Catalog or OPAC is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users search a library catalog principally to locate books and other material physically located at a library. Users can search by inputting keywords and filter by subject, title, author and sometimes publisher and ISBN number. Additional filter may be according to the type of material, for example if it is a book, journal, magazine, thesis, newspaper, etc. Another filter is by location, if the library system is composed of several libraries like in University of the East. In the proposed system, the proponents will adopt the features similar to OPAC, but it will just be LAN-based. The student’s employees and alumni may search for the information and availability of the book according to the subject, title author, etc. and may choose to filter it by selecting the type of resource material. They may see if the book is on-shelf or not. Students and other borrowers may also use it for easy reference in making bibliography for their researches. University of San Carlos has a computerized library system. The main function of their library system is to correct information. Fast transaction and process in borrowing library materials, the services responsive to the needs of all university sectors relative curriculum and research. They are using barcode technology and swiping I. D in such an easy way to borrow and return book. Their library system has an easy to navigate feature and provide accurate reports such as user statistical report, inventory of book, list of book borrowed, penalty for the month, year, list of book per section etc. In the proposed system, the proponents will adopt the features similar to barcode technology and easy to navigate interface and can give accurate reports and eliminating human errors. Operational Definition of Terms Access Code * A sequence of letters or numbers that has to be read in to the allowed somebody to access to something such a building or telephone notebook. Accession Number * Usually auto number, it is a number assigned by the chief librarian to individual books they have in the library. Barcode Reader * It is an input device used to capture and read information contained in a bar code. Cataloguing * Is the process of preparing a catalog, or of preparing bibliographic records that will become entries in a catalog. Circulation * It engages transaction related to the circulation of periodical, books etc. and book check in and checks out. Computer Network * It is an interconnection of group of computers. Context Diagram * It illustrates the input and output between the systems. Database * Is an application that manages data and allows past storage and retrieval of data Data flow diagram * A process-modeling tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the specific system. Keyword Searching * Allows you to retrieve information in a database by looking for the word or combination of words. Keywords can be used in general or specific, such as title or$ subject Library Card * It serves as a pass to the use of the library and its resources Librarian * Is a person who assists and helps the users in using the library services and manages all the library resources. Library * place where all books, newspaper and other reading materials were placed and a place where students can effectively study and gather information they need. Library card  * A paper card that contains student’s information together with his/ her picture that serves as their pass to borrow a book in the library. Library System * Is a library that comprises of the interrelated, computerized parts such as catalog and circulates that works together to effectively serve the users. Manual System * Processing used amount of transaction without the use of computers Shelf * It is a piece of furniture used to store books and other material which is using in a research Student Number * It is a unique identification of each student in school. SWOT  * Is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strength and weaknesses are internal factor. Opportunities and threats are external factor. CHAPTER III SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY Requirements specification Software Design coding Integration Testing Deployment Maintenance Figure Modified Waterfall Model The proponents chose to use the modified waterfall model for the development of the software because it is simple and easy to follow. Another reason is that modified waterfall model is suitable when the specification and requirements are clearly stated and static and the project is smaller in size. Since Library systems have the same requirement s as those of any other library systems, it is the ideal model to use. Modified waterfall model also has advantage to go back to previous stage if there are mistakes done in any phase. Requirements Specification One of the most important tasks in the development of is gathering and defining the requirements for the project. Software requirements specification means that researchers should have a basic understanding of what is going to be developed. The proponents conducted several interviews with the company to understand and identify the problems with their existing system and to specify what features they want the proposed system to have. The researchers also did studies about the related systems in order to know the real transactions and to have an idea on how to design the proposed system. Software design coding Determines the system’s framework to meet the specified requirements. The design defines the major components and the interaction of those components, but the design does not define the structure of each component. The proponents will do major coding in this phase. The proponents will divide the system into subsystems so that coding will be done by small parts and will later be integrated as a whole system. Integration Is the bringing together of the component subsystems into one system and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system. It is also the process of linking together different computing systems and software applications physically or functionally. The proponents in this phase will now connect together the subsystems into one system. Testing Determines whether the software meets the specified requirements and finds any errors present in the code before deploying it. The proponents will test wither the system is working properly as one system and to detect errors before presenting it to Aguilar Catholic School. Deployment This is the phase of the project where the developed software will be installed, documentation will be delivered, and client training will occur. In this phase, the proponents will now deploy the equipment and the software in the library. They will have to connect the workstation of librarian and LAN base public access catalogue by the use of cables. Maintenance After the project is deployed, unexpected events can happen. This is why the proponents will continue maintenance and support as part of the software development process. This support will become an evolving process and is essential in making sure that the software continues to perform as expected. Figure 4. System Framework of Proposed System Figure 4 shows the details of the system, all its input and outputs which will be part of the system processes. Figure 5. Context Diagram of Proposed System Figure 6. Diagram 0 of Proposed System Testing and Evaluation Procedure After developing the system, the next step is to test and evaluate its acceptability. This section discusses how testing and evaluation is done. Evaluation Instrument The following were criteria of the evaluation instrument which will serve as the basis of the acceptable level of the system. Numerical Rating| Range| Descriptive Equivalent| 5| 4. 51 – 5. 00| Highly Acceptable| 4| 3. 51 – 4. 50| Acceptable| 3| 2. 51 – 3. 50| Moderately Acceptable| 2| 1. 51 – 2. 50| Slightly Acceptable| 1| 1. 00 – 1. 50| Not Acceptable| Content It will test the accuracy of the proposed prototype as well as its up to date contents. Functionality It includes comprehensively the ease from worries or problems in operation, provision for comfort and convenience and easy to understand by the end – users. Reliability In compliance to desire result, accuracy of performance, the system should be able to give the desired result to the possible end-user of the system. Availability The system will be able to perform operations according to the specifications, provision for security requirements and having all the required by the system. Maintainability It includes the testability of the system, ease of being maintained, provision for diagnostic tools and procedure, and provision enhancement. Statistical Treatment of Data In this section the results gathered from testing and evaluation was being interpreted using appropriate statistical tools. The proponents will set a criterion that specifically address to the end users and technical experts. 1 means Not Acceptable; 2 means Slightly Acceptable; 3 is for Moderately Acceptable; 4 is for Acceptable; and 5 Highly Acceptable. The accomplished testing and evaluation forms will be collected for interpreting its result. To compute the mean, Mean (M) = F (x1 + x2 + xn) / n Where F = Frequency of number of time that the given number(x) was chosen by the respondents as rating for a given criterion x1 , x2 , xn = represent any of the numerical rating 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. To compute the weighted mean, WM = ? F (x1 + x2 + xn) / n Where ? F (x1 + x2 + xn) / n = represents the sum of all means (M) of each criteria. n = is the total number of criteria of evaluation.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers

In today’s society, we are faced with or placed in many unpredictable and stressful situations. However, many of us manage to properly analyze the situations and maintain our sanity, experiencing only a mild form of depression, if any. Others may encounter similar situations and become mentally depressed. Some reasons for being depressed are normal, such as, a death of a family member, parents divorce, or loss of job; but, depending on how long you are depressed, as a result of these misfortunate situations, can determine weather or not you are emotionally depressed. Depression is the most common psychological disorder that affects both the young and old, rich and poor, or even successful and unsuccessful people. Although depression occurs most often in individual who have little education, the truth is, we all are targets. One form of depression that plaques our society is called major depression. Major Depression is a mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 1998). Major Depression affects about 12 million American a year (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 1998). Individuals who suffer from this form of depression is overwhelmingly sad. Often, sadness is accompanied by feelings of quilt, worthlessness, inadequacy, emptiness, and hopelessness, even though these individuals are surrounded by friends and f...

British Political Issue

Assess the impact of the media on the course and outcomes of a contemporary British political issue. You should choose one of the issues covered in the course.The Media, and its Influence on the Fortunes of Political LeadersIn a pluralist democracy, the media can have a very powerful effect upon politics, so powerful in some instances that it can shape outcomes of important political issues. Leadership of a party, therefore, is a precarious position to be in, owing to the persistent and pervasive influence of newspapers, television, radio and the internet. Events surrounding Iain Duncan Smith's reign as leader of the Conservatives illustrate the extent of this influence.Since the demise of spectrum scarcity in 1946, British politicians have been continually scrutinised by the media through television, newspapers and more recently the internet. Milton's 17th century concept of the ‘freedom of the press' has allowed independence from government manipulation and the ability to talk more honestly and freely about politicians. However, the impartiality of the information depends on the fair-mindedness of journalists and the editorial policy.In the first half of the 20th century, people used to attend political rallies where they heard the great politicians of the day. At smaller rallies other political voices could also be heard. Radio brought these debates into people's houses. With the advent of television came a completely new dimension. Not only the voice of politicians were heard but their personalities were exposed too. It was not enough to be an able politician with excellent policies but Political figures had to be ‘good on the box', in a sense ‘actors'.Kennedy and Nixon's presidential duel in 1960 first exemplified the importance of image and style; Kennedy was clean-shaven, and had a clear charismatic phraseology. Nixon looked pale, unshaven and disorientated. His poor performance contributed to his election defeat. One could say that politics has become that of a ‘spectacle', staged to the minutes detail in order to attract and persuade voters.Technology has increased the immediacy and potential of the media, with 24-hour television channels and internet sites allowing faster dissemination of news. Localised party election meetings have been replaced by intricately crafted media events where ‘self-image' and ‘sound bites' are vital for capturing the snapshot interest of the quite often-preoccupied British public. Party politics have subsequently been diluted and reduced to simple slogans that can be expressed in the shrinking time available in the evening news.After the ‘iron lady' left Downing Street in 1991, the Conservatives have struggled to regain both the image and the charisma of Margaret Thatcher. Her successor John Major was subject to the form of media scrutiny still affecting the Conservative Party today. In 1997, the normally. Tory biased Sun had this headline during the build up to the general election -The Sun Backs Blair†(The Sun,1997); although this swing in favour of Labour arose because of anticipation and previous disappointment rather than political preference.In 2001, Duncan Smith was elected after the failure of William Hague to revive the Conservative Party and improve their chances in the general election. The opportunistic media criticised Thatcher's radical poll and fuel tax policies in the 1980's and left the Conservatives with a rather burdensome shadow looming over them. Refusal to forget Thatcher's legacy has meant that tabloid papers have continued to apply lowbred anti-Conservative personalisation – increasing trivialisation and some elements of contempt towards Conservative MP's. John Major, William Hague, Iain Duncan Smith and more recently Michael Howard have all been victims of personalisation; attributed to them chiefly by tabloids. John Major was the ‘grey man'- the avuncular shadow of Margaret Thatcher's former self, William Hague was the'high school debater', Iain Duncan Smith was ‘the old-soldier', and Michael Howard is the ‘dracula' type according to Anne Widdecombe -the Shadow Home Secretary. Perhaps the main reason for the prevailing criticism is the inability to equate the archetypal figure of Tony Blair. His TV personality, combined with his great technical ability as an extempore speaker make him unrivalled.Up until Iain Duncan Smith was unseated, a number of allegations were made about his conduct within office. He was alleged to have misused the parliamentary secretarial allowance by paying his wife. However, many believed him to be on his way out of office anyway, and that the claims were inconsequential to the security of his position. This is perhaps, exemplifies an attempt to frame Smith. Budge's framing theory emphasises the way in which the media can influence politics and the way in which people see and understand it.Fast-forward syndrome is a common occurrence in modern politics due to the fast, free flowing information that is available world-wide. Issues change throughout the course of time, affected by crucial events, which can eventually be laid to rest when new information is discovered. An example of this is the perpetual real time coverage of the Iraq war. Newspapers said Conservative prospects were ‘promising' under Howard's leadership, when only hours ago under Smith, they had been ‘beyond repair'. Optimism however can be premature in politics, as Iain Duncan Smith can testify.When he triumphed over Ken Clarke in September 2001, the media claimed he was the man to resurrect the Tories' and compete with Labour; Baroness Thatcher called him a â€Å"fine young man with exceptional potential†(Thatcher,2001). Unfortunately for the Tories, September 11th distracted attention away from Duncan Smith's introductory campaign. Scotland on Sunday also revealed precautionary optimism by saying: â€Å"Any democrat, regardless of political hue, should welcome the rebuilding of the parliamentary opposition into an incisive and effective team.†(Scotland on Sunday,2003)A few months down the line, he was criticised from all quarters including by members and ex-members of the party like Anne Widdecombe, Michael Heseltine and Crispin Blunt. Blunt resigned because he believed that Smith was a â€Å"handicap† to the party; Blunt of course was unaware that his comment would lead to a bombardment of insults in his direction -even from Duncan Smith critics. Thatcher concluded by lamenting the ineptitude of Smith calling him â€Å"the worst leader in the history of the Conservative Party†(Thatcher,2003). Broadsheets and tabloids emphasised the remark, which would mark the end of Smith's reign as leader. A substantial amount of newspaper coverage in the past three months was aimed at the Conservative Party, its ministerial fallouts and declining popularity. Duncan Smith questioned party loyalty and urged MP's to â€Å"unite or die†. After the ‘overacted' performance of Smith at the Conservative Party Conference in October 2003, even right of centre broadsheets like the Daily Telegraph started denouncing him, predicting his resignation â€Å"within weeks†(Riddell, 2003). It was: â€Å"the most desperate day in the history of the Conservative Party† (Riddle, 2003). One of the papers to retain its loyalty was The Sun who criticised the ‘backstabbing' Tories for squandering time and urged them to continue denouncing the government.Left wing opposition has arisen in the form of tabloids such as the Daily Mirror, who sloganised the Conservative Party's cabinet reduction strategy -which gives double the department responsibility to some of the members. The Mirror branded them â€Å"The Dirty dozen†. The Mirror's main concern was that some MP's were given the responsibility of two departments instead of one, indicating perhaps less emphasis on important issues like Health and Education.Rupert Murdoch's media ownership could have had an impact on the Conservative leadership. Owning The Sun, The Times, The News of the World and the Sunday Times -as well as 35.4 percent of BskyB, means that he is extremely powerful. He was a staunch Tory supporter in the 80's and 90's and has shifted his opinion of the leaders recently until the recent appointment of Michael Howard. Murdoch's position was cautious, but nevertheless significant in terms of media influence. â€Å"We will have to see how the Tory front bench looks,† Murdoch told BBC television on Friday. Although he was anti Euro, Murdoch at times backed Blair's Government, exemplifying the alternating ideological influences of media moguls over issues like party leadership.Failure to project his authority in the Commons was one of Smith's natural downfalls and perhaps undermines the argument that the media were responsible for his dismissal. In comparison with new leader Michael Howard, he did not have the ability to â€Å"alter his delivery while changing the mood of the house† (Fraser Nelson, 2003). Nelson also points out the striking differences in the chamber atmosphere; Smith would encourage a few mumbled utterances from his backbenchers, whereas Howard managed to gain a rumbustuous approval in his duel with Blair Prime Ministers Question Time. Michael Howard has already claimed BBC approval for his debating skills in the chamber; for example, his fight against excessive business beaurocracy and taxes, his clash with Blair over the conduct of Children's Minister Margaret HodgeA recent Guardian poll suggested that the Conservatives still lagged behind Labour on 38%(The Guardian, 2003). The alternating and sometimes contradictory multiplicity of ‘facts' displayed by left and right wing papers will no doubt have an effect on their loyal readership. However because these statistics only represent part of our democratic society and could be manipulated, the public's attitude to the leadership of the Conservative Party could be misdirected. Instead of polls representing the public's attitude -‘Reinforcement Theory'(Budge, 1998)- they might shape it into the image presented by the media rather than by theirs -‘Agenda Setting Theory'(Budge, 1998). People's opinions are changeable. Human beings think and act in crowds as well as individually, and if newspapers give the impression that most people have a particular viewpoint their willingness to have a more open mind can be affected. If a political party then makes mistakes and gains a reputation, not only will it find it difficult to detach itself from the previous deficiencies, but also it will inevitably be further damaged with the growth of investigative journalism. The issue of Iain Duncan Smith's leadership downfall therefore was not solely influenced by the media, but was a result of perennial antagonism against an ailing party. The initial optimism of Michael Howard's leadership could diminish when he gets involved in policy confrontation, and the media continue with their routine cynicism -which can influence the publics opinion on party leadership. REFERENCES Unknown Authorship, Scotland on Sunday, 2001Fraser Nelson, Scotland on Sunday, 2003Margaret Thatcher, Daily Mail, September, 2001Margaret Thatcher, Daily Mail, September, 2003Peter Riddell, The Times,2003Budge I, 2001, The New British Politics(Second Edition), Media Theories, Longman 2001, page 294-297 Unknown Authorship, 2003, http://uk.news.yahoo.com/031114/325/edzpq.html visited on the 19/11/03WEBOGRAPHYhttp://politics.guardian.co.uk/conservatives/story/0,9061,947736,00.html visited on the 23/11/03http://politics.guardian.co.uk/conservatives/story/0,9061,1083855,00.html visited on the 23/11/03http://quickstart.clari.net/qs_se/webnews/wed/cd/Ubritain-politics-analysis.RJbq_DOT. htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3225615.stm visited on the 24/11/03http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3161070.stm visited on the 20/11/03http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2408891.stm visited on the 16/11/03http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/3223185.stm visited on the 17/11/03 http://politics.guardian.co.uk/polls/story/0,11030,1088270,00.html visited on the 29/11/03BIBLIOGRAPHYNegrine, R, (1989) Politics and the Mass Media in Britain(second edition), Routledge, LondonBudge, I., Crewe, I., Mckay, D., Newton, K., 2001, The New British Politics(Second Edition). Longman 2001, pages 299-307

Pestel

Pestel P2: The pestel framework: The PESTEL framework categorises environmental influences into six main types: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Why you are using it: Thus it provides a clear list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies apple uses or will use. Analyse how the pestel factors that may affect company: Political factors look at government policies, taxation changes, foreign trade regulations, political risk in foreign markets and changes in trade blocks (EU).In this case Apple†¦(article or) Economic factors look at business cycle and GDP trends, interest rates , unemployment rates, disposable income and exchange rates. In this case Apple.. (article or ) Socio cultural factors look at population changes, lifestyle changes, changes in tastes and fashion and culture. In this case Apple†¦(article or) Technological factors look at new discoveries and technology developments, ICT innovations, Rates of obsolescence and Increased spending on R&D. in this case Apple.. article or) iTunes 11 remains much the same as it has always been – bar some radical new design and front-end improvements. The visual redesign is obvious, with music selection laid out in a more logical manner. One of the few new features to be implemented in the update is the inclusion of the Miniplayer which, instead of being a mode within the application, appears in a completely new window. Another simple, yet helpful, addition is the inclusion of buttons which allow users to switch between the iTunes store and back to the library.However, Apple has made some good technological developments especially with their current Iphone5. It is half an inch bigger (4-inches), lighter (112g) and has a more powerful A6 chip than the previous. Siri (voice control software) has been updated so users can ask it to recommend films and restaurants and update their Facebook accounts verbally. The 4G network offers speeds up to five times faster than 3G. This will allow uninterrupted access to the web on the go, high definition films to be downloaded in minutes and TV to be streamed without buffering.The Camera includes a Panorama function: sweep phone sideways and software stitches images together. Finally a new software feature is a much whizzier Maps app which includes photo-realistic 3D cityscapes for some areas. Environmental (green) factors look at environmental protection regulations, energy consumption, global warming, waste disposal and re-cycling. In this case Apple†¦(article or) A Chinese environmental group singled out Apple for criticism in 2011, accusing the company’s Chinese suppliers of discharging polluted waste and toxic metals into surrounding communities and threatening public health.Factories that the group suspected were Apple suppliers often â€Å"fail to properly dispose of hazardous waste† and that 27 of the suppliers had been found to have environmental pr oblems. Also in 2011, 137 workers at a Chinese factory near the city of Suzhou had been seriously injured by a toxic chemical used in making the signature slick glass screens of the iPhone. In 2010 one of Apple’s biggest suppliers was hit by a wave of worker suicides at several of its mainland Chinese facilities.Also, in May, two people were killed and more than a dozen were injured in Chengdu city, in southwest China due to an explosion and fire at a plant that made Apple products. Legal factors look at competition laws, health and safety laws, employment laws, licensing laws and IPR laws. In this case Apple.. (article or) Apple Inc. of the U. S. and Samsung Electronics Co. of South Korea are embroiled in legal battles in 10 nations over intellectual property, spanning dozens of cases. Here are details of some of the bigger legal fights: In the U. S. , Apple scored a major victory on Aug. 4 2012 when a jury found Samsung had â€Å"willfully† copied Apple's iPhone and iPad, and awarded Apple $1 billion in damages. Apple is now requesting eight Samsung products be banned from the U. S. market. A hearing was rescheduled for Dec. 6. April 15, 2011 –In south Korea, Apple files a patent suit against Samsung claiming that it had copied the â€Å"look and feel† of iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad for its Galaxy smartphones and tabs. Apple lays out a total of 16 claims covering software and hardware. However, the court on Aug. 24 2012 dismissed Apple's claim that Samsung copied the look and feel of the iPhone and the iPad.Still, the judges issued bans on some Samsung and Apple products. It found that Apple illegally used Samsung's wireless technology while Samsung violated Apple's patent related to the way mobile devices notify users when an image reaches to the end. In Japan, the Tokyo District Court denied Apple's claim on Aug. 31 2012 that Samsung infringed upon Apple's patent to have mobile devices and personal computers â€Å"synchronizeâ €  or share data with each other. Other cases in Japan are still pending. P9 Summarise key implications of the pestel analysis (e. g. threats/opportunities): SWOT

Depiction of character through music and words Essays

Depiction of character through music and words Essays Depiction of character through music and words Essay Depiction of character through music and words Essay so alive. Released from the constraints of social etiquette and expected respectability, the unsavoury side of Jekyll becomes powerful, ruthless, and free. The same happens in the reprise of Alive, after Hyde has wandered the streets and committed his first murder. In contrast to Jekyll singing about sitting with the Gods, Hyde states I feel Ill live on forever, with Satan himself as my guide, and Ill show the world that tonight and forever, the name to remembers the name Edward Hyde! ) Both sides of Jekylls character want recognition and fame for completely different reasons although, ironically, recognition of either side will prove that Jekylls theory was indeed true, if poorly thought out and underestimated. The next song we hear from Jekyll is the haunting Obsession in which he considers what is happening to him and accepts that Hyde is indeed a darker side of himself, and that he must have been harbouring these feelings and depravities deep inside himself in order for them to be brough t to the fore by Hyde. We hear Jekylls remorse, his self doubt, and his desperation. We also hear resignation and exhaustion. What streak of madness lies inside of me, what is the truth my fears conceal, what evil force makes Edward Hyde of me, what darker side of me does he reveal? Am I the man that I appear to be, or am I someone I dont know? Jekyll is desperate, feeling himself being dominated by the character of Hyde, and yet he manages to gather his strength and resolves to put things to rights, to conquer the evil inside himself and get back to where he began. In the song The Way Back he remembers the dream he first had, the reasons he wanted to undertake his experiments, and that the good side of him is what matters. He sings Somehow Ive got to rebuild all the dreams that the winds have scattered, from what fate has shattered, Ill retrieve what mattered. He also asks God for his help, in contrast to Hyde being with Satan (God you must help me carry on, when it seems all hope has gone) The most effective song through which to examine the way the characters are portrayed in the musical is the Confrontation wherein Jekyll and Hyde battle for survival. It begins with Jekyll singing a reprise of the first verse of Lost In The Darkness, which takes us, and him, back to the beginning of the story. This time, however, it seems it is he who is lost in the darkness, he who is experiencing endless night rather ironic when we consider it was his original intention to free his own father from such a plight. Hyde then takes over and sings, again with short, rhythmic phrases, telling Jekyll he will never set him free, never let him go. He expresses his supremacy over Jekyll (Im what you see when you face in the mirror. ong as you live I will still be here You cant control me, I live deep inside you. Each day youll feel me devour your soul) Jekyll tries to reply, tries to tell Hyde he will be rid of him, but Hyde states that he will never be free of him, that in fact Jekyll IS Hyde, and always will be. This confrontation signifies Jekylls realisation that as long as he lives, Hyde will live too as they are one and the same. His repeated shout s of NO! convey his desperation, his anger, and his refusal to admit that he has such an evil side. The music and orchestration of this piece add considerably to the atmosphere of the musical as a whole and to the representation of each side of Jekylls character. The roles of the orchestrator is vital in the success of a piece of musical theatre Snelson states that in the 1960s, orchestration progressed from the traditional woodwind, brass and strings structure to a sound more akin to a big band, centred on reeds and brass, supported by drum kit and (often electric) bass. He says this created the archetypal Broadway sound to which we are now accustomed. This certainly is true of this score. In addition to excellent orchestration, as in Bizets Carmen and also in Wagners Tristan und Isolde Wildhorn utilises leitmotifs throughout the piece to signify which character is dominant at a particular time. The use of motif and leitmotif in the composition of music has been apparent for centuries Sadie (1985, p. 59) states that Composers have always used melodic recurrence as a means of giving shape and artistic unity to a composition. He also goes on to say that . it may be a phrase, of perhaps six or seven notes, or even a motif, or a figure, of two or three. Sadie explains that the composer uses the motif persistently, so that it becomes familiar to the listener and imprints itself on their mind, therefore giving the piece a sense of unity. Specific instruments are also used to enhance the quality of each song and to intensify and exaggerate the personality and mood of each side of the character. Jekylls songs, before the introduction of Hyde, are written in the major key, with the exception of the first song, Lost in the Darkness, which begins in G# Minor but has a Major section, reverting back to the Minor towards the end. Take Me As I Am and This is the Moment are written in B flat major and E major respectively and as such are positive, uplifting and essentially Broadway Musical style songs. In contrast, the songs sung by Hyde, and also the Confrontation, which involves both personalities, are written in the minor key. Alive and the Alive reprise are written in A Minor, Confrontation and Dangerous Game are in E Minor, and the song I Need To Know, despite being sung by Jekyll, is in C# Minor as it is subsequent to Jekyll having begun to be dominated by Hyde. These minor keys create a sense of foreboding, of menace and danger, and are very effective in conveying the characteristics of both Jekyll and Hyde as the story unfolds. Another effective way of enhancing the portrayal of the characters is through the use of different orchestration. For Jekylls songs, the scoring mainly uses piano, keyboard and strings, particularly violin and viola. This creates a light, mellow but thought provoking atmosphere, and suggests a character who thinks deeply, who is sensitive and who is not threatening. In comparison, the orchestration for Hydes songs also includes piano, but always alongside frantic fast percussion and drum rhythm. Tremolo is used to great effect in the string section, which creates tension and suggests the anticipation of impending disaster. Hydes songs are also enhanced by choral backing, occasionally using whispered text which is a repeat of lyrics sung by Hyde himself, but mainly singing, in harmony in minor chords, on an ah sound, creating an almost ethereal effect, an eerie addition to the orchestration which sounds threatening, frightening and intimidating. This adds to the effect of Hyde being like Satan. There are several time signature changes in Hydes songs, reflecting his unpredictability, and strong, punchy brass is used to punctuate his vocal line. His melody lines are short, repetitive and contain many accidentals, flattened or natural notes which further enhance the effect of the use of the minor keys. Hydes songs are driven, relentless, and have strong, final endings. All these aspects of orchestration underpin the strength and urgency of Hydes character. Later on in the score, as Jekyll begins to be dominated by Hyde, we hear the instruments which have signified Hydes character beginning to appear in Jekylls songs. This is most apparent in Confrontation wherein although in the beginning Jekylls motif is clearly signified, eventually the brass, glissando in the strings section and the choral section begin to become more dominant than Jekylls instrumentation as Hyde emerges as the dominant force. I will conclude by stating that I feel the depiction of character in the musical Jekyll and Hyde is very effective. Although the main protagonist (and, incidentally, antagonist) is more prominent in the musical than in the original novel, I do not feel that this detracts from the narrative indeed I feel it adds depth to the character and helps us as the audience to be drawn into the action and to empathise with a character who we could have regarded with disdain and disgust. The libretto by Leslie Bricusse uses the clever repetition of phrases from the original novel, the addition of extra characters to give the protagonists existence more credence, and lyrics which give an insight into the emotions, motivations and dilemmas of the characters. Upon reading the original novel, I found it difficult to warm to any of the characters no empathy was encouraged and the reader was never given the opportunity to discover the true personalities of the people involved in the story. The musical addresses this by providing more background to the characters and their relationships with each other, making them more believable and encouraging more depth of thought on the part of the audience as the tale signifies that the horrendous subject matter of the story could indeed apply to any living human being. After all In all of us there is the duality of good and evil and the only thing that is constant is change. (Stevenson, 1886)