Language in Braham Stokers Dracula :: Dracula Essays

 The Importance of Language in Dracula    Braham Stoker's Dracula shows a recognizable bind to other beast stories, in that the animal is obstructed by language, and frequently vanquished by it. In Beowulf, the beast Grendel can't talk, and is barred from the network. Shakespeare's Caliban of The Tempest was shown discourse, and utilized it to revile. In Shelly's Frankenstein, the animal was prevented by knowing nothing at his creation as a grown-up, and turns into a beast incompletely from the treatment he gets by the individuals he meets, yet in addition from the books he peruses, which prompts his instruction of disdain and inevitable destruction. Check Dracula's concern was not that he was unintelligent in the utilization of language. He comprehended the intensity of language quite well, and uses Jonathan Harker so as to consummate his own English. The Count's concern is that the humans he wishes to go after can speak with one another well indeed and proficiently. Since they can impart so well, they are for the most part ready to join their accounts of the check and find, first, his reality, and second, his aims. This starts with Jonathan Harker's diary, where he records his undertakings in the Carpathians. This is significant, on the grounds that his diary is a significant intimation in at last figuring out what precisely is going on. His fiancé, and later spouse, Mina deciphers the diary, and afterward demonstrates it to Dr. Van Helsing, a prominent doctor, lawyer, rationalist, and metaphysicist. Through the diary, Van Helsing can figure out what precisely befell Lucy, who prior in the novel was a survivor of The Count. The phonographic diary of Dr. Seward was helpful in watching Mr. Renfield, likewise a casualty of Dracula, who the heroes utilized so as to find The Count's London home. Another case of language overcoming Dracula is Dr. Van Helsing himself. Van Helsing was taught through books and old stories, and was in this manner engaged with the information on the most proficient method to vanquish the tally and his followers. The specialist's information on medication permitted him to give the transfusions to draw out Lucy's life. Through his insight into vampire legend, he knew to put garlic cloves to avoid the dæmon, how to utilize the heavenly wafers to refine what was tainted with the Vampire's revile, and the important custom to crush a vampire.

Can TV be a Good Teacher? :: Television Education Media Essays

Would tv be able to be a Good Teacher? Numerous individuals today accuse TV and media as a rule when something terrible occurs, for instance shootings in the schools. Be that as it may, should TV assume all the fault for impacts and changes in American youth? Network shows violations and slaughtering, however TV can likewise show small kids how to carry on in the correct manner. TV can not impacted we all, however it can impact small kids, who are, â€Å"curious and effortlessly affected. They will in general copy and rehash what they hear and see on TV without knowing about right and wrong† (Simmons 149). These impacts rely upon what sorts of shows kids are viewing. Guardians are the one controlling theirs youngsters, however without parental oversight kids will watch what satisfies them; that is were the difficult untruths. For instance, if a youngster is viewing a films that contain rough acts, that can have some terrible symptoms. One of these impacts can be recklessness. The kid can turn out to be less stressed over others and what will transpire; they may not remember it as brutality. An investigation by Cullingford reports, â€Å"when individuals were indicated killings and afterward intensely incited, most didn't consider it savagery. The startling truth was that ‘objectionable content’ had become so satisfactory that it was invisible† (Simmons 150). The other impact can be brutal conduct. Kid might need to get fierce, in light of the fact that then they will be â€Å"feared† by each one, much the same as the individuals that they find in TV. Berkowitz closed, from his investigation, â€Å" TV savagery arouses forceful conduct, particularly if watchers accepts that animosity is justified† (Simons 150). Another impact can be retribution. This is most likely the gre atest message that rough films are sending to kids. In practically the entirety of the films we see individuals slaughtering each other just to retaliate for somebody that was either executed or hurt by a â€Å"bad buy,† or they themselves were hurt. This may impact kids that have been mortified in schools or attacked. Eventually, they may detonate with anger to seek retribution for what had befallen them. Then again, if a youngster is watching instructive channels comprising of notable projects or other sort of instructive projects, the kid can be impacted in a few decent manners. In the first place, the youngster can get more astute. In the event that a kid is watching instructive projects, they will pick up something. Would tv be able to be a Good Teacher? :: Television Education Media Essays Would tv be able to be a Good Teacher? Numerous individuals today accuse TV and media by and large when something terrible occurs, for instance shootings in the schools. In any case, should TV assume all the fault for impacts and changes in American youth? Network shows violations and executing, however TV can likewise show little youngsters how to act in the correct manner. TV can not affected we all, however it can impact little youngsters, who are, â€Å"curious and handily impacted. They will in general copy and rehash what they hear and see on TV without knowing about right and wrong† (Simmons 149). These impacts rely upon what sorts of shows kids are viewing. Guardians are the one controlling theirs kids, yet without parental management kids will watch what satisfies them; that is were the difficult falsehoods. For instance, if a kid is viewing a films that contain rough acts, that can have some terrible symptoms. One of these impacts can be imprudence. The kid can turn out to be less stressed over others and what will transpire; they may not remember it as brutality. An investigation by Cullingford reports, â€Å"when individuals were demonstrated killings and afterward intensely provoked, most didn't consider it savagery. The alarming truth was that ‘objectionable content’ had become so adequate that it was invisible† (Simmons 150). The other impact can be vicious conduct. Youngster might need to get brutal, in light of the fact that then they will be â€Å"feared† by each one, much the same as the individuals that they find in TV. Berkowitz finished up, from his trial, â€Å" TV savagery arouses forceful conduct, particularly if watchers accepts that animosity is justified† (Simons 150). Another impact can be vengeance. This is presumably the greatest me ssage that vicious films are sending to youngsters. In practically the entirety of the films we see individuals executing each other just to vindicate somebody that was either murdered or hurt by a â€Å"bad buy,† or they themselves were hurt. This may impact youngsters that have been embarrassed in schools or attacked. Sooner or later, they may detonate with fury to seek retribution for what had befallen them. Then again, if a kid is watching instructive channels comprising of memorable projects or other sort of instructive projects, the youngster can be affected in a few decent manners. To start with, the kid can get more astute. On the off chance that a kid is watching instructive projects, they will get the hang of something.

Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety

Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on February 24, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on February 24, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Jetta Productions / Getty Images Public speaking anxiety, also known as glossophobia, is one of the most commonly reported social fears.?? While some people may feel nervous about giving a speech or presentation, if you have social anxiety disorder (SAD), public speaking anxiety  may take over your life. Public Speaking Anxiety Symptoms of public speaking anxiety are the same as those that occur for social anxiety disorder, but they only happen in the context of speaking in public. If you live with public speaking anxiety, you may worry weeks or months in advance of a speech or presentation, and you probably have severe physical symptoms of anxiety during a speech such as the following:?? ShakingBlushingA pounding heartQuivering voiceShortness of breathDizzinessUpset stomach These symptoms are a result of the fight or flight responseâ€"a rush of adrenaline that prepares you for danger. When there is no real physical threat, it can feel as though you have lost control of your body. This makes it very hard to do well during public speaking and may cause you to avoid situations in which you may have to speak in public.?? Public speaking anxiety may be diagnosed as SAD if it significantly interferes with your life. Below are some examples of how public speaking anxiety can cause problems: Changing courses at college to avoid a required oral presentationChanging jobs or careersTurning down promotions because of public speaking obligationsFailing to give a speech when it would be appropriate (e.g., best man at a wedding) If you have intense anxiety symptoms while speaking in public and your ability to live your life the way that you would like is affected by it, you may have SAD.?? Professional Treatment Fortunately, public speaking anxiety is relatively easily managed using medication and/or therapy. Therapy Short-term therapy such as systematic desensitization and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be helpful to learn how to manage anxiety symptoms and anxious thoughts that trigger them. Ask your doctor for a referral to a therapist who can offer this type of therapy; in particular, it will be helpful if the therapist has experience in treating social anxiety and/or public speaking anxiety.?? The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs of 2020 Medication If you live with public speaking anxiety that is causing you significant distress, ask your doctor about medication that can help. Short-term medications known as beta blockers (e.g., propranolol) can be taken prior to a speech or presentation to block the symptoms of anxiety. When used in conjunction with therapy, you may find the medication helps to reduce your phobia of public speaking.?? Tips on Preparing for a Speech In addition to traditional treatment, there are a number of strategies that you can use to cope with speech anxiety and become better at public speaking in general. Public speaking is like any activityâ€"better preparation equals better performance. When you are better prepared, it will boost your confidence and make it easier to concentrate on delivering your message. Whether you are giving a speech at a wedding, a shareholders convention, or in a college classroom, there are strategies that you can use when it comes to managing anxiety.?? Even if you have SAD, with proper treatment and time invested in preparation, you can deliver a successful speech or presentation. Choose a topic that interests you. If you are able, choose a topic that you are excited about. If you are not able to choose the topic, try using an approach to the topic that you find interesting. For example, you could tell a personal story from your life that relates to the topic, as a way to introduce your speech. This will ensure that you are engaged in your topic and motivated to research and prepare. When you present, others will feel your enthusiasm and be interested in what you have to say. Become familiar with the venue. Ideally, you should try to visit the conference room, classroom, auditorium, or banquet hall where you will be presenting before you give your speech. If possible, try practicing at least once in the environment that you will eventually be speaking in. Being familiar with the venue and knowing where needed audio-visual components are ahead of time will mean one less thing to worry about at the time of your speech. Ask for accommodations. Accommodations are changes to your work environment that help you to manage your anxiety. If you have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder such as  social anxiety disorder (SAD), you may be eligible for these through the  Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If there is something that would make you more comfortable during your speech or presentation, see if it’s a change that can be made. Ask for a podium, have a pitcher of ice water handy, bring in audiovisual equipment, or even choose to stay seated if appropriateâ€"whatever might make it easier for you to manage your anxiety. Don’t script it. Have you ever sat through a speech where someone read from a prepared script word for word? You probably don’t recall much of what was said. Instead, prepare a list of key points on 8.5” X 11” paper that you can refer to. Although using cue cards might be tempting, flipping through a stack of cards can be a distraction for your audience. Prepare for hecklers. Although it’s not likely that you’ll have hecklers at your wedding or 50th-anniversary party, criticism or difficult questions are always possibilities  in a business setting. Deal with a difficult audience member by paying him a compliment or finding something that you can agree on. Say something like, “Thanks for that important question” or “I really appreciate your comment.” Convey that you are open-minded and relaxed. If you don’t know how to answer the question, say you will look into it. Before your presentation, try to anticipate hard questions and critical comments that might arise and prepare responses ahead of time. Practice, practice, practice! Even people who are comfortable speaking in public rehearse their speeches many times to get them right. Practicing your speech 10, 20, or even 30 times will give you confidence in your ability to deliver. If your talk has a time limit, time yourself during practice runs and adjust your content as needed to fit within the time that you have. Lots of practice will help boost your self-confidence. Get some perspective. During a practice run, speak in front of a mirror or record yourself on a smartphone. Make note of how you appear and identify any nervous habits to avoid. This step is best done after you have received therapy or medication to manage your anxiety. Imagine yourself succeeding. Did you know your brain can’t tell the difference between an imagined activity and a real one? That is why elite athletes use visualization to improve athletic performance. As you practice your speech (remember 10, 20, or even 30 times!), imagine yourself wowing the audience with your amazing oratorical skills. Over time, what you imagine will be translated into what you are capable of. Not sure whether this would really work? Well, let’s consider the opposite. If you imagine giving a horrible speech and having terrible anxietyâ€"what do you think is going to happen? The cycle of anxiety in SAD is as much a self-fulfilling prophecy as it is a reaction to an event. Learn to visualize success and your body will follow suit. Develop a routine. Put together a routine for managing anxiety on the day of a speech or presentation. This routine should help to put you in the proper frame of mind and allow you to maintain a relaxed state. An example might be exercising or practicing meditation the morning of a speech. Putting It All Together Learn to accept some anxiety. Even professional performers experience a bit of nervous excitement before a performanceâ€"in fact, most believe that a little anxiety actually makes you a better speaker. Learn to accept that you will always be a little anxious about giving a speech, but that it is normal and common to feel this way.Set goals. Instead of trying to just scrape by, make it a personal goal to become an excellent public speaker. With proper treatment and lots of practice, you can become good at speaking in public. Who knows, you might even end up enjoying it.Put things into perspective. If you find that public speaking isn’t one of your strengths, remember that it is only one aspect of your life. We all have strengths in different areas. Instead, make it a goal simply to be more comfortable in front of an audience, so that public speaking anxiety doesn’t prevent you from achieving other goals in life. 6 Tips for Dealing With Anxiety in Public Places A Word From Verywell In the end, preparing well for a speech or presentation gives you confidence that you have done everything possible to succeed. Give yourself the tools and the ability to succeed, add in some strategies for  managing anxiety, and see how well you do.  For those in recovery from  social anxiety disorder (SAD), these tips should be used to complement traditional  treatment methods.?? The Best Self-Help Strategies for Social Anxiety Disorder

Music Can Affect Human Behavior - 1983 Words

Music can affect human behaviour and plays an important role in our lives from infancy to maturity, evoking a variety of emotions and communicating messages about what is currently happening or about to happen. People use knowledge of the world and their scripts and schemas as a method of organizing the complex sets of information being input into memory. Schemas use prior learned general knowledge about an event, a person, or a situation to provide cues of what to expect in novel scenarios. Since scripts and schemas are developed from the experiences that an individual undergoes, it makes sense that children would have fewer scripts and schemas in place. Thus, adding a musical cue may help in comprehension and retention of information. One reason that music likely enhances recall is that music may allow separate features of separate events to become bound into one grouping as it passes from sensory to working memory. However, the effect of music on the facilitation of cognitive comprehension in young children in recalling novel information from working memory by manner of this binding of information is relatively unstudied. Music can be used to alter mood and facilitate positive interactions and cognitive functioning (Gold, Frank, Bogert Brattico, 2013) as music acts as an auditory cue to the spatial pathways in the brain and the motor cortex. As such, it may allow for faster information processing and comprehension (Fagen et al., 1997). Pleasant sounding music hasShow MoreRelatedThe Relationshipt between Music and Emotion1075 Words   |  4 PagesMUSIC AND EMOTION: Emotion is defined as a strong feeling deriving from ones circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. Music may be defined as vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way to produce beauty of form and harmony. Research indicates that people value music primarily because of the emotions it evokes. Yet, the notion of musical emotions remains controversial, and researchers have so far been unable to offer a satisfactory account of such emotionsRead MoreDoes Music Influence Us?870 Words   |  4 PagesCan Music really influence you? We live in a world where we listen to music frequently because we are surrounded by it constantly therefore hard to avoid. If we do not wish to see something we close our eyes and if we don’t wish to hear something we cover our ears but it does not block the sound completely. [3] We hear music in stores, restaurants, in our cars, in our houses, and with our headphones. I believe music can influence everyone but up to a certain degree. There has been many researchRead MoreEffects Of Music On Health And Its Effects On The Human Body941 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Music on Health Through the history of humanity experts have found evidence that music was made since early years. Whether its social effect and the forced out at dances, rituals and festivities accompanying music has remained as inherent to the development of human history. Then there is the very evolution of music, its stages, its use as a distinctive cultural feature and make it seem infinite, so different in each region, age, culture, subculture, niche, layer, band, urban tribe, personRead MoreMusic Is The Product Of Our Evolution1331 Words   |  6 PagesI studied the hypothesis that music is the product of our evolution and that most mammals and cultures have used music to continue to evolve and reform. Most scientific articles agree that music has evolved throughout thousands of years. Even the first Homo sapiens used music as a mode of communication. But in a biological standpoint, music can be used as a way to express mate selection, as a way of motivation and pleasure, development and learning, and social communication. The big questionRead MoreMusic Influences On The Brain1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe power of music is inevitable. It is a driving force that fuels society and can affect the emotions and thought processes of its listeners. The tones, rhythms, beats, and melodies of various musical genres has harvested Earth for years. From the Medieval Era to the Romantic Era and the 21th century, musical genres continue to evolve with time and leave everlasting impacts. Music possesses the ability to create a strong emotional and developmental influence on people, which in turn causes theirRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Human Life894 Words   |  4 Pagesalways, music has been an important aspect in human culture because it has many applications and uses in human life. It is consider that music plays an important role to human beings, and it is reflect in many different ways. In medicine, music takes a significant part because it can be used to improve human health and life quality; for example , music can helps to reduce stress, cure illness, or produce happiness. Also, it is known that music can have great impact during pregnancy, or it can benefitRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of Music1382 Words   |  6 Pagessociety now a days music is a big part of it. Music has culturally, morally, and emotionally influenced our society. Every known society throughout history has had some form of music. Andrew states â€Å"Some would look at music as a small footnote in the progression of humanity, it is in fact a much greater force; for some, it defines their very existence† (Andrew). Music has been a greater force in our societies today. For Example, listening to music has shown to positively affect mood, productivityRead MoreWhat Does Music Influence Social Interaction?1116 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 28, 2015 IRR To What Extent Does Music Influence Social Interaction? Scientific Lens. Most, if not all of us, listen to music, and music heavily influences the way we interact with and view other people. But how does music affect the way we interact with others? Music is a universal language despite the variety of genres and cultures in which they differ. Because music is prevalent to all of us taking many shapes and forms, certain atmospheres can be looked at and analyzed. One of the keyRead MoreNegative Effects Of Dancehall Music1224 Words   |  5 PagesMusic is defined by the Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia as a figurative and literal form of language or speech with less specificity than spoken words but possessing subtler shades of meaning and more emotive forces. It creates harmony between individuals and it can also tear them down. It is readily available throughout different medias and its intrinsic to all cultures. In Jamaica, the popular genre of music are Reggae and Dancehall. Reggae is a genre of music that has its roots in many other musicalRead MoreA Co mmon Agreement Within The World That Deals With Men And Men1273 Words   |  6 PagesHarris is a researcher and the author of â€Å"Cholas, Mexican-American Girls, and Gangs†, within her research she has conducted various interviews with females in gangs. From her research she has came to the conclusion that for girls, â€Å"Gang member’s behavior is determined by social structures and group culture by defining the perspective and attitude of the girl gang† (Harris 301). In other words, Harris is explaining that peer groups, such as gangs, to females tend to have a powerful influence on them

Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital Future Directives On Healthcare

Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital Future Directives on Healthcare The trend for health care and hospitals is a movement towards a larger outpatient system of care while lowering the number of inpatient admissions. The health care system has made small changes towards this type of service for about a decade. Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital should continue these efforts and implement the use of the Patient-centered medical home model. This model concentrates on patient care with a comprehensive, total patient care strategy, while lowering the incidence of emergency room use and lowering the number of times a patient is admitted to the hospital (Robeznieks, 2015). The health care team will evaluate the patient, monitor their condition while educating them about their specific needs and how to provide their own self-care at home. This model will be widely used in the future and it is something that we want to make available to the patients who participate in our health care system. It has been shown that this health care model will benefit the patient and save money for the health care system. Financially, this system has been shown to be beneficial to the insurance company, the hospital, and the patient. Medicare has led the movement towards change in how we service our patients, and with the new ACA opening up to more individuals, Medicaid is leading the way towards a total comprehensive service model with efforts included such as transportation to and from appointments,

Essay on Evolution versus Creationism - 810 Words

Evolution versus Creationism Evolution is a theory that’s based on science and more detailed evidence while Creationism is a faith-based theory. In no way is faith, a factor that influences the ideas and theories supported by scientists. As such, you really cannot compare one to the other; you have to just choose which one you believe is true although it is possible to believe in both at the same time. Since the beginning of human life, there has been a single question that has puzzled even the greatest of philosophers and scientists. Humans are, by nature, interested in their past. As a result every civilization through out time has sought to find the origin of life, and answered it to meet their needs. Early civilizations taught†¦show more content†¦Charles Darwin’s theory was expanded later to a larger scale, to proclaim that life has evolved from hydrogen that was present at the birth of the universe into all living things currently found on Earth. As with the theories and beliefs of early cultures, Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution must meet the same requirements in order to be viewed as plausible and believable. If the theory is logically based, mathematically supported, and there is either evidence promoting the theory, or a lack of evidence contrary to the theory it is accepted as a possible theory that explains life’s origins. However, Charles Darwin’s theory fails to meet any of the regulations placed before it. Logically the concept of a living organism emerging from something that is non-living is challenged greatly from the scientific community. A community that insists life must come from life, just as motion must come from motion. Just as a bowling ball is incapable of rolling without a force being applied, a rock is incapable of giving birth to an amoeba. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states â€Å"that left to it’s own devices, that is without interference by something else, any living being will break down into its simplest forms, in direct opposition to the theory of evolution that proposes that living beings will change and gain in complexity over time†. (Kylce) The mathematical opposition is equally hindering to the theory evolution. AccordingShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1342 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Evolution is the fundamental idea in all of life science – in all of biology,† claims Bill Nye. Creation versus evolution is a controversial subject. Is creation a reliable model of origins to teach children in today’s scientific era? Where I stand on it is no it is not a reliable model. The reasons that evolution is a reliable model and creation is not a reliable model of origins are because the belief in religion is decreasing, court cases, and the possibility of teaching both in school. To giveRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead MoreShould Intelligent Design and/or Creationism Be Taught Alongside Evolution in Public Schools?641 Words   |  3 Pagesshould be taught alongside evolution in public schools, which has been going on for a great amount of years. Intelligent design is the idea of natures changes cannot be a random process, but a type of guidance must have lead to why nature is the way it is in today’s era. In most cases, that specific guidance is God. God has created the world for a purpose. Creationism is the same idea as intelligent design, believing that nature was created by a divine being, God. Evolution is the idea of natural selectionRead MoreThe Effects Of Clinical Depression On An Individual s Dreaming1485 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess which alters how they perceive and store certain stimuli. The only sociological factors that would relate to this topic would be the different things that go on in different people’s lives. I think that the most prominent side of the nature versus nurture debate in terms of this topic is nurture. Although we all dream by nature, the Continuity Hypothesis deals with the day-to-day experiences of the dreamer, which relates to nurture because of the differing backgrounds and lifestyles betweenRead MoreThe Origin Of Life And Evolution1744 Words   |  7 PagesGallup Institute in 2004 showed that an approximate of 42% of Americans believe that humanity was created by God, 18% believe in an evolution directed by God, and only 26% of them support Darwin’s theory. In Great Britain, a survey performed by BBC to a 2000 people sample found that 52% said to believe in non Darwinian explications for the origin of life and evolution. In a more recent survey done in 34 countries by Science magazine, which included the United States of America, Japan and 32 EuropeanRead MoreEvolution Through the Influence of God1605 Words   |  7 Pagesand Biblical moralities, the intellige nt design theory was established to accommodate believers in the divine Christ and the theory of evolution. This group believes that evolution is occurring, but that God created the start of all life. There are three main notions of the origin of life, evolution, creationism, and intelligent design. The first theory, evolution, explains how life on Earth formed and how organisms adapted through generations. Scientists have studied the theory for years and haveRead MoreWhy Creationism Should Be Taught919 Words   |  4 Pagesentitled â€Å"Why creationism should be taught in schools.† As can be ascertained from the title, the author’s position is that the theory of creation should be taught in schools alongside evolutionary studies. She writes the essay with a sure and almost condescending tone, making certain claims out of context in addition to using faulty logic in what I personally see as an attempt to confuse the reader about the view opposite her own. She begins her essay by discussing how teaching creationism has beenRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesDebate: Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelinesRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe question was posed as to what is the debate between creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist believe in the Christian account of the origin as recorded in Genesis. Creationism is the bel ief that statements such as â€Å"In the beginningRead MoreEssay on Creationism vs. Evolution: How did it really happen?1163 Words   |  5 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution: How did it really happen? Ever since 1859 and the publication of On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin1, his first publication of his observations, much debate has come about concerning the issue of how life on earth came to be. Both the Creationists and Evolutionists believe in the Big Bang theory of creation of life; however, the mechanism for the development of new life provides the conflict. Evolutionists believe the cause of life on earth to be accidental

Image of God Essay Sample free essay sample

Theology has been referred to as the queen of the scientific disciplines. In more recent times. its right to govern has been challenged by the rise of postmodern idea. The increasing credence of postmodern thoughts have led many to inquire if traditional divinity can coexist with postmodern believing. Can theology be expressed in the linguistic communication and constructs of postmodernism without losing its significance? There are two possible results. Either divinity can be adapted to talk to postmodern life in postmodern footings or it can non. If it can non do its averments in postmodern footings and remain meaningful. as many have concluded already. so another manner must be found. Since divinity can non talk in postmodern footings without losing its credibleness. this paper will demo that the best manner for divinity to turn to postmodern people and idea is to stay true to Scripture and two thousand old ages of Christian informant. Is Postmodern Theology an Oxymoron? In order to understand the trouble of pass oning divinity in a postmodern clime. it is necessary to analyze the two constituent parts of the equation. Once the two single parts are understood right. it will be confirmed that the two are reciprocally sole as normally understood and defined. A Definition of Christian Theology Harmonizing to Millard Erickson. a good â€Å"basic definition of divinity is ‘the survey or scientific discipline of God. ’† [ 1 ] which is good as a simple statement. but does non capture the full scope of what Christian divinity is. Christian divinity is needfully based in Scripture as its foundation. In its nature so is the thought that God has revealed Himself to mankind in propositional communicating. Francis Schaeffer asserts that it is non unreasonable to state that God has communicated His nature to adult male in a manner that adult male can understand ; the same manner that work forces communicate with each other. [ 2 ] For divinity to stay true. it can non be separated from its Biblical foundation and it must take the Bible as a whole into history. [ 3 ] Christian theology’s premier aim is to pass on truth about God to all of humanity in a manner that can be understood. It is non meant to be a strictly academic exercising for bookmans in their towers. This nonsubjective really sets the phase for the issue at manus. Because postmodern idea is existent and permeant in the universe of today. divinity must happen a manner to convey forth the truths of God in a manner that can be understood by postmodern adult male. The job with this communicating is the gulf between the significance of the footings of traditional Christian divinity before the modern and postmodern epochs and those same footings since modernism began its passage into postmodernism. Specifying Postmodernism One of the biggest jobs with trying to specify postmodernism is the fact that it resists definition by its really nature. The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology notes it so: Those who attempt to specify or to analyse the construct of postmodernity do so at their ain hazard. In the first topographic point. postmoderns reject the impression that any description or definition is â€Å"neutral. † Definitions may look to enjoy in the freshness of nonpartisanship. but they constantly exclude something and hence are complicit. knowingly or non. in political relations. A definition of postmodernity is every bit likely to state more about the individual offering the definition than it is of â€Å"the postmodern. † [ 4 ] This cautiousness is non to be taken lightly. In fact. Vanhoozer goes on to despair that a definition of a postmodern place is all but impossible and alternatively chosens to mention to postmodernism as a â€Å"condition† . [ 5 ] But holding noted the built-in trouble. a definition is needed in some signifier for an intelligent treatment to take topographic point. For the intents of this treatment. postmodernism is a system that rejects nonsubjective cognition and/or metanarratives. Postmodern thought is â€Å"decentered† and â€Å"situated. † which is to state that it doesn’t accept a common land or cosmopolitan attack to truth. but instead a localised version of truth which is really determined at a personal degree. [ 6 ] From this brief effort to trap down a simple definition of postmodern belief. it should already be evident to the reader the built-in trouble presented in â€Å"adapting† divinity into postmodern footings. Can Theology be Synthes ized with Postmodernism? This brings up an of import inquiry upon which this whole treatment will either win or neglect. Is there a manner to pass on divinity in postmodern footings so that it doesn’t lose its significance in the procedure? There are surely those who would state yes. In the last few decennaries. many attempts have been made to discourse divinity and its assorted facets in modern and postmodern linguistic communication such as it is. One of the jobs that has been encountered in this procedure is the opposition of postmodern believing to covering in concrete constructs that are universally true. What has frequently happened to those who seek to make over and paraphrase theological constructs to a postmodern audience is that the theologists making the work have become postmodern every bit good. This has had black effects for the field of divinity as the conflict for truth is now being fought amongst those who should theoretically be on the same side of it. The ways in which postmodern idea has infiltrated the church were predicted by many before it happened and it is exemplifying to look at the warnings of some of these Prophetss of the modern church. Francis Schaeffer noticed these tendencies get downing over 30 old ages ago and noted that it was nil new. In fact. he accused divinity of stating things that were already being said by doctrine and other rational subjects and feigning that they were the first to come up with the thoughts. [ 7 ] Wells echoes these sentiments in God in the Wasteland. stating. â€Å"evangelicalism has bought cultural acceptableness by emptying itself of serious idea. serious divinity. serious worship and serious pattern in the larger civilization. † [ 8 ] The effects of accommodating divinity to postmodern point of views has been mostly negative and arguably unsuccessful. The Effects of Postmodern Thinking on the Church The ways in which postmodern idea has influenced divinity and Christian pattern has been good documented by many bookmans already. This work will take a narrow focal point on three primary countries of influence and the effects that each have suffered. The countries considered here are the position of truth in the church. the position of worship in the church and the position of sermon and instruction in the church. Postmodernist Influence on the Christian View of Truth In reexamining the claims of some postmodern theological statements. it is evident that one of the first thoughts that falls on the chopping block is in fact the thought of absolute or nonsubjective truth. The cardinal truths of Christianity. that God exists. and has communicated with adult male. come under fire in postmodern thought. This is the ground that Francis Schaeffer’s good known trilogy of books bear the rubrics that they do: The God Who Is There. Escape from Reason. and He Is There and He Is Not Silent. In the opening sentence of The God Who is There he states. â€Å"the present chasm between the coevals has been brought about about wholly by a alteration in the construct of truth. † [ 9 ] One of the first truths that is questioned by postmodern adult male is in fact the being of God Himself. For theologists wishing to be postmodern the inquiry can besides be seen as one of whether God is who He has ever been thought to be. [ 10 ] In postmodern idea. even truths that were by and large accepted sing the existence are in drama because no cosmopolitan truths are acknowledged as existent or true either. [ 11 ] What becomes of truth in this civilization? It degenerates into bunk. In seeking to specify the postmodern apprehension of God’s jurisprudence. Lokken falls into absurdness: The jurisprudence so received as artefact is far from a axiomatic object. as modernness contends. but in a postmodern manner is unfastened in that it invariably presents itself of all time afresh and fruitfully in a multiplicity of ways. imparting itself to a fruitfulness of readings. all of them potentially true from the point of view of the integrity of some legitimate position. Therefore. the truth of a jurisprudence is neer finished. Further. we as translators of the jurisprudence. as a 2 nd skyline. are besides neer finished. [ 12 ] Here truth as a cosmopolitan construct has clearly been superseded by an entreaty to the single reading of truth itself. He goes on to explicate that God’s jurisprudence becomes an â€Å"empty generality† when one attempts to use it so that the jurisprudence has no significance whatsoever until or unless it is experienced personally. [ 13 ] And this is non an stray belief in postmodern divinity. In his review of Reginald Stackhouse. Richard Davis shows that Stackhouse came to the realisation that none of the things he believed by â€Å"faith† could be verified independently in such a manner that another individual couldn’t challenge them in true postmodern manner. Because of this. he came to the point that he could no longer see his ain religion to be objectively true and alternatively felt the demand to keep it subjectively without any claim to catholicity of its truth. [ 14 ] In forcing these logical gymnastic exercises to their foregone decisions. Davis comes to the realisation that the truth of God for postmodern theologists boils down to a symbolic concept. God is conceived of on an single degree and found to be whatever that individual decides Him to be. [ 15 ] This is confirmed by Schaeffer’s observation that postmodern divinity can non give any replies in the kingdom of facts or cognition as truth because it insists on destructing the foundation of that cognition as based on any objectively discernible truth either from history or the universe itself. [ 16 ] Therefore. the terminal consequence of postmodern influence in the country of truth is to sabotage or ignore it wholly. Postmodernist Influences on Worship Jesus one time said. â€Å"God is spirit. and his worshippers must idolize in spirit and in truth. † [ 17 ] Having seen the desolation that postmodern theologists have brought to the constructs of truth as God has revealed it. it is easy to understand that worship in spirit and truth is a slippery proposition in a postmodern frame of head. Postmodern worship in the church has taken some features that are immanently predictable. One of the jobs is that worship is more focussed on the single worshippers and their â€Å"felt needs† . Churchs are trying to model their worship services to run into the demands of the bulk. This leads to combat over music manners and presentation quality instead than theological content in the music or even the engagement of the fold. [ 18 ] It is a contemplation of the egoistic nature of postmodern idea and has been observed that more and more modern-day â€Å"Christian† vocals are identical from secular love laies. A point in instance would be vocals like. Every Pulse. made popular by Amy Grant some old ages ago. The first poetry uses the words testimony and informant in talking about the vocalists â€Å"one and only† . The chorus says that â€Å"every pulse bears your name† without stipulating who the â€Å"your† is and the 2nd poetry returns to a narrative of a male child and miss falling in love. [ 19 ] Some have labeled this tendency as â€Å"God is my girlfriend† music. [ 20 ] It has even found its manner into modern hymnals. The newest hymnbooks put out by Lifeway imperativeness contain vocals that could be sung by anyone in love. like Draw Me Close. Not merely is God’s name nowhere to be found in the vocal. it includes phrases like. â€Å"to experience the heat of Your embrace† . [ 21 ] Fortunately. the word Your is capitalized in the wordss or one might neer cognize that God is being sung about here. With the significance left wholly up to the vocalist in a postmodern scene. these vocals finally lose any concrete significance. Postmodern worship so is about wholly oriented around the worshippers instead than the One who is to be worshiped. Wells speaks to this in his treatment of the lightness of God in postmodern life. He says that in a postmodern. â€Å"psychologized† civilization there is a preoccupation with the love of God as reflected in the worship of that love possibly combined with an embarrassment or edginess at the sanctity. truth or morality of God. [ 22 ] Dawn offers some penetrations on how the church has been influenced by postmodernism by proposing a better manner to idolize in a postmodern clime. The church must travel off from singing â€Å"narcissistic ditties† and toward vocals that have â€Å"theological deepness. scriptural images and motive to be about God’s intents of witnessing. justness edifice. and peace devising in the world† . [ 23 ] Since worship is about more than merely the music that is sung in church. another cardinal constituent of this treatme nt is the consequence of postmodernism on sermon and instruction in the church. Postmodern Influences on Preaching and Teaching The influence of postmodern thought on the pattern of sermon and instruction is widespread and insidious. In a universe where two plus two does non needfully equal four. courtesy of â€Å"whole math† in the school system. it will be progressively hard to happen curates and instructors in church who are willing to state that Jesus is the Way. the Truth and the Life with authorization and strong belief matched with worshippers and scholars who can give their hearty understanding. What happens in this clime is that spiritual truth becomes subject to the same thought that allows the reply to two plus two to be â€Å"creatively† determined. Postmodernism has given the church a clime where truth is determined by the single listener or reader and God’s Word has become a casualty. Harmonizing to Wells. this â€Å"captivity to our ain selves† must be broken in order to understand God’s Word right. [ 24 ] The postmodern influence on the church has yielded a o rganic structure of trusters who still demonstrate and perchance confess traditional Christian orthodoxy. but who have no steadfast footing for their belief that would keep up to scrutiny. Many in fact believe that the Christian reply is merely one of many and that other religions with seemingly contradictory beliefs are besides true. [ 25 ] In fact. faith is going little more that a model from which to do determinations which benefit the person. It is a faith which is â€Å"non-theological because it is a faith in which God is distant. his truth is non-invasive. and Christian religion is non-particular. † [ 26 ] It is this clime that allows Oprah to mention to herself as a Christian while at the same time stating that Jesus isn’t the lone manner to heaven because that doesn’t â€Å"feel right to her† . In fact the whole thought of showing instruction or sermon that are unapologetically Christian is now thought to be a bad thought in some circles. The terminal consequence are events like â€Å"holiday† visible radiation shows put on by a church to avoid the â€Å"stigma† of the word Christmas in the hope that they will pull more disbelievers. [ 27 ] Postmodern influence has intimidated many trusters from a willingness to do sole claims sing Christ. Preaching and learning are more a affair of position and mensurable effectivity in a postmodern church than they are about pass oning truth. When the Culture Defines the Church Many churches and parachurch ministries have become so concerned over influence from postmodern civilization that they have turned their primary focal point to counter the influence of that civilization instead than doing or developing adherents as Christ commanded. Rather than seeking to â€Å"strengthen those things that remain. † [ 28 ] many are seeking to weaken those things that they feel may weaken trusters. A study of Jesus Christ’s instruction in the New Testament doesn’t reveal any bids to â€Å"change the civilization. † His bids to be salt and light spells manus in manus with the bid to do more adherents. Light doesn’t change the darkness ; it overcomes it by its presence. The more light there is. the less dark one can happen. Possibly the most unsafe error made by the postmodern church is the effort to alter the civilization outside the church alternatively of going complete interior and making out to do more adherents. In some quarters. the church has become so intermeshed with the civilization around it that it is no longer possible to separate the two. Talking to Postmodern Culture with Biblical Theology There are several of import lessons to larn from the church’s experiences with postmodern believing both good and bad. Postmodernism has allowed the church to see some countries of idea and action that were and are weak or deficient. David Wells points out that one of the positive apprehensions to be gained is the reminder that the Christian religion is non limited to a individual civilization or country. The globalisation that has accompanied modernism and postmodernism has made it clear to Christians all over the universe that there is a far broader manner to look at the religion than merely the â€Å"Western† position that has dominated widely for many centuries. [ 29 ] It is a awful indictment to recognize how closely the church has tied itself to civilization in the Western universe when people speak of Christianity as a â€Å"white man’s faith. † Truly this is neer what Christ intended His Church to be. Based on the countries that have been examined for postmodern influence. what are some normative steps that the church can take in those countries to repossess its position as the salt and visible radiation that it is intended to be? Recovering Truth in a Relative Universe The biggest challenge for many may be keeping the line on the thought of nonsubjective truth as revealed by God and even as shown in nature. The truth of the Bible can non be compromised if Christianity and the church are to hold any significance in this postmodern universe. Before any sort of evangelism to a postmodern universe can be accomplished. whether one-on-one or in a group puting. the authorization and truth of the Scripture must be both steadfastly believed and shamelessly taught. Wells says that God must interrupt each person of the imprisonment to self and to subjectivist authorization over the Word of God. before anyone can hear it or understand it at all. [ 30 ] In a sense. postmodernism has helped the church in this undertaking harmonizing to Wells. because they have affirmed that the egoistic position a individual brings to the text impacts their apprehension of the text. Christians can confirm this and open the door to speak about the influence of wickedness on human apprehension and the demand for God to interrupt those bonds. [ 31 ] Schaeffer says much the same thing about truth for the modern and now postmodern universe. He says that the Bible can be avowal of God’s being and His truth at the same clip. Science was originally based on the thought that an organized Godhead made an organized creative activity. Those facts have non changed and stand ready as a informant to objective truth. [ 32 ] Intellectual Challenge or Spiritual Penetration There seem to be two methods so suggested for facing postmodern adult male with Biblical truth which must stay foundational to the gospel message. Should it be an rational challenge or should the church entreat God to alter peoples Black Marias and heads with His Spirit? Frankly. both will be needed to undertake the job to the full. but based on the single instance one or the other attack may be a more effectual get downing point. Some people respond really good to rational statements and excusatory manners. Peoples like Josh McDowell and Lee Strobel who have come to cognize Christ through rational chase can talk to people who are unfastened to that type of informant. They besides do a valuable occupation of keeping the unity of cognition and truth in the church. On the other side of the spectrum in many ways are ministries like Way of the Master. whose primary method of making out with the truth of God’s message begins in the country of the scruples before needfully prosecuti ng the mind and excusatory defences. Both are effectual in their ain right and neither of the attacks gives an inch when it comes to upholding Biblical truth. The chief challenge before the church in a postmodern clime is keeping God as the centre of all that is done. believed. taught and preached. The Church in the twenty-first Century So what is the church to make in the twenty-first century to see that it doesn’t lose the informant of the old 20 centuries before it? Francis Schaeffer had some interesting penetrations that are still relevant to the church today and beyond. He challenged the church non to run onâ€Å"the footing of memory† of the past and long for the good old yearss. but to alternatively take the freedom that God has given in Bible to be salt and light to the civilization in which it is found. [ 33 ] The church must be the polar antonym of the postmodern universe. It must supply the option to the hopelessness and muddled thought that prevails in postmodern civilization. by standing up for nonsubjective truth and ground. The church can non frame its statements in the linguistic communication of the postmodern head and hope that nil is lost in the procedure. it must be willing to specify and explicate what the truth is and why. These are non times for the swoon of bosom. As Paul said t wo thousand old ages ago. â€Å"for our battle is non against flesh and blood. but against the swayers. against the governments. against the powers of this dark universe and against the religious forces of immorality in the celestial kingdom. † [ 34 ] Decision Finally. what is the best manner for divinity to turn to postmodernism? There have been many different solutions proposed and even tried with assorted consequences. Based on the research for this survey and observation of the universe around us. I would hold to state that we can non squinch or shrivel back in the face of this challenge to the religion. We need to see that the religion we teach is Biblically sound and unapologetically so. We must do certain that the truth we claim is backed up by the life we lead or others will non take us earnestly in this postmodern universe. [ 35 ] Most significantly. the Church must cognize and understand that God is non shocked or surprised by this development in our civilization and universe. His Word was given to us for such a clip as this and His Spirit works with us in this universe to carry through His program. His bid to the church is still the same 1 that was given in Matthew 28 and His promise to be with us is still true. As Paul said in Romans 3:4. â€Å"Let God be true. and every adult male a prevaricator. † In a clip when every adult male seems to hold problem spoting the truth from a prevarication. we have a house bridgehead that hasn’t changed and will non alter. He is the same yesterday and today and everlastingly. [ 36 ] Bibliography Davis. Richard B. â€Å"Can there be an ‘orthodox’ postmodern divinity? † Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 45 no 1. Mr 2002: 111-123. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Dawn. Marva J. â€Å"Worship for postmodern times† . Lutheran Theological Journal 42. no. 2 ( August 1 ) : 68-76. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. proquest. com/ ( accessed December 1. 2008 ) . DiBernardo. Sabatino. â€Å"American Idol ( atry ) : A Religious Profanation. † Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 19 ( Summer 2008 ) : 1-16. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008 Erickson. Millard J. Christian Theology: Second Edition. Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Baker Academic 1998. Grenz. Stanley J. â€Å"Eschatological divinity: contours of a postmodern divinity of hope† Review A ; Expositor 97. no 3 ( Sum 2000 ) : 291-377. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Hobson. Theo. â€Å"Rethinking postmodern divinity. † Modern Believing 47. no 3 ( Jl 2006 ) : 10-20. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Klemm. David E. â€Å"Toward a rhetoric of postmodern divinity: through Barth and Heidegger. † Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55. no 3 ( Fall 1987 ) : 443-469. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Lokken. Paul J. â€Å"Word. universe and a postmodern divinity of jurisprudence. † Word A ; World 21 no 3 ( Sum 2001 ) : 289-296. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Martini. Carlo Maria. â€Å"Teaching the Faith in a Postmodern World. † America 198 no 16 ( May 12. 2008 ) : 16-20. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008. Schaeffer. Francis A. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 1. A Christian View of Philosophy and Culture. Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982. Schaeffer. Francis A. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 4. A Christian Position of the Church. Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982. Stanley. Timothy. â€Å"Speaking Credibly? Communicating Christian Particularism in Postmodern Contexts. † International Review of Mission. ( January 1. 2008 ) : 21-20. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008. Towns. Elmer L. Theology for Today. Belmont. Calcium: Wadsworth/Thomson. 2002. Wells. David F. â€Å"Christian Discipleship in a Postmodern World. † Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 51. no 1 ( March 1. 2008 ) : 19-33. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008. Wells. David F. God in the Wasteland: The Reality of Truth in a World of Fading Dreams. Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Eerdmans. 1994. ———————–[ 1 ] Millard J. Erickson. Christian Theology: Second Edition ( Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Baker Books. 1998 ) . 22. [ 2 ] Francis A. Schaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 1. A Christian View of Philosophy and Culture. ( Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982 ) . 99-100. [ 3 ] Erickson. Christian Theology. 23. [ 4 ] Kevin J. Vanhoozer. â€Å"The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology. † The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology. Cambridge University Press. 2003. Cambridge Collections Online. Cambridge University Press. 02 December 2008 [ 5 ] Ibid. . 4. [ 6 ] Paul J. Lokken. â€Å"Word. universe and a postmodern divinity of jurisprudence. † Word A ; World 21 no 3 ( Sum 2001 ) . 290. in EBSCOhost [ Database online ] ATLA. accessed December 1. 2008. [ 7 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 9. [ 8 ] David F. Wells. God in the Wasteland: The Reality of Truth in a World of Fading Dreams ( Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Eerdmans. 1994 ) . 27. [ 9 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 5. [ 10 ] Richard B. Davis.â€Å"Can there be an ‘orthodox’ postmodern divinity? † Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 45 no 1. Mr 2002: 111-123. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. 114. [ 11 ] Lokken. â€Å"Word. universe. and a postmodern divinity of law† . 290. [ 12 ] Ibid. . 294. [ 13 ] Ibid.[ 14 ] Davis. â€Å"Can there be an ‘orthodox’ postmodern divinity? † . 116. [ 15 ] Ibid. . 121.[ 16 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 101. [ 17 ] John 4:24 ( New International Version )[ 18 ] Marva J. Dawn. â€Å"Worship for postmodern times† . Lutheran Theological Journal 42. no. 2 ( August 1 ) : 68-76. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. proquest. com/ ( accessed December 1. 2008 ) . [ 19 ] Lyrics obtained from website hypertext transfer protocol: //romantic-lyrics. com/le11. shtml. accessed December 2. 2008. Song lyrics originally written by Amy Grant. Wayne Kirkpatrick. and Charlie Peacock [ 20 ] Bob Kauflin. Worship Matters. â€Å"Expressing Love to God† ; available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. worshipmatters. com/2005/11/expressing-love-to-god-in-worship/ ; Internet ; accessed December 2. 2008. [ 21 ] Baptist Hymnal ( Nashville. Tennessee: Lifeway Worship. 2008 ) . song figure 482. [ 22 ] Wells. God in the Wasteland. 114. [ 23 ] Dawn. â€Å"Worship for Postmodern Times† . 76.[ 24 ] Wells. â€Å"Christian Discipleship in a Postmodern World† . 26 [ 25 ] Ibid. . 24.[ 26 ] Ibid. . 29.[ 27 ] Truth Matters. â€Å"Topeka Bible Church Taking Christ Out of Christmas to Reach the Unbelievers† ; available from hypertext transfer protocol: //bloodtippedears. blogspot. com/2008/11/topeka-bible-church-taking-christ-out. hypertext markup language ; accessed December 4. 2008. [ 28 ] Revelation 3:2 ( NIV ) [ 29 ] Wells. â€Å"Christian Discipleship in a Postmodern World† . 32-33 [ 30 ] Ibid. . 26.[ 31 ] Ibid. . 27[ 32 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 100-101. [ 33 ] Francis A. Schaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: AngstromChristian Worldview. Vol. 4. A Christian Position of the Church. ( Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982 ) . 87. [ 34 ] Ephesians 6:12 ( NIV ) [ 35 ] Schaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 4. 96. [ 36 ] Hebrews 13:8 ( NIV )

s Health Care Environment

China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien... 's Health Care Environment Free Essays on China\'s Health Care Environment China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien...

Short essay on camparison of Araby and Young Goodman Brown

Short essay on camparison of Araby and Young Goodman Brown The short stories "Araby" by James Joyce and "Young Goodman Brown" by Nathaniel Hawthorne are both stories about change; however both characters change in very different ways. Organized religion imposes a rebut of prescribed behavior on natural curiosity and growth and in turn causes one to seek it out on there own. In "Araby" an unnamed young boy of about twelve or thirteen depicts his personal coming of age. Due to strong religious obligations, sexuality was greatly repressed during the time of this story. "Young Goodman Brown" tells the tale of a young Puritan man drawn into a covenant with the Devil. Brown's illusions about the goodness of his society are crushed when he discovers that many of his fellow townspeople, including religious leaders and his wife, are attending a Black Mass. Allusions Goodman Brown had witnessed may have or not been real, but changed his life completely.Asian Brown Tortoise / Burmese Star TortoiseThe character in "Araby" was fascinated by what love was like. He read "The Abbot" by Walter Scott, which was a popular romance. The Devout Communicant was also noted as one of his favorite books. This book was a Catholic religious manual that set forth guidelines for his faith. The fact that Joyce mentioned both of these books aids in foreshadowing and revelation of his dilemma. He is a young boy coming to an age of confusion of the opposite sex. The boy seems to create a sexual image of the girl each time he sees her, describing the "white border of a petticoat, just visible as she stood at ease." This idea was vividly sketched in the paragraph which states, "All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves and, feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the...

Customer Service in the Blackshop Restaurant Case Study

Customer Service in the Blackshop Restaurant - Case Study Example Faced with the challenge of abandoning the manual system of managing reservations for the electronic one Alec Cerny had quite a tough decision to make. Â  The CHG was handling a good number of customers on a daily basis and in terms of operational efficiency, this required a very sophisticated system of managing reservations. The main problem to be tackled by the management at HCG was having a very efficient way of managing reservations in order not to lose customers while at the same time avoiding piling of pressure on available resources. The Backshop restaurant and affiliates were still using the manual way for making reservations where the customer could make phone calls and negotiate check on time and table choices with managers. One disadvantage of the manual system was that the information captured was inconsistent and was not easily transferable from day to day. Its transferability required extra labor and as such often was not done. another disadvantage arose especially when there were many customers calling in that anyone could step in and assist the managers; staff taking the reservations sometimes could bow to the press ure of customer when fixing check-in times causing bottlenecks to the bar& kitchen and limiting the restaurant's ability to turn the tables an extra time. Â  Procuring the reservations management software from OpenTable would assure consistency in customer information captured. Going electronic also meant keeping up to date with trends in business and customer service management as the future lies in technology. More people will do their things online in the future and as such it a worthy course. The system will assist the restaurant to save on time, cut costs, improve service, increase efficiency and ultimately attract repeat customers. The software also presents a unique opportunity to develop a good customer database, and allow sharing information between the restaurants.

Working with Budgets Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working with Budgets - Assignment Example It also assists in avoiding idle cash and any cash shortage that may adversely affect the organization. The cash budget consist mainly of four sections: Receipts, where cash balance at the beginning is entered plus all other cash collections from customers and other receipts; disbursement section, where all the cash payments are entered; cash surplus or deficit column, where the difference between receipts and payments are entered and finally, the financing section, enumerating a detailed account of repayments and borrowings expected during the financial period. The other budget that I work with in the organization where I work is the operating budget. This refers to a statement representing the organization’s financial plan for each duty center during the budget period and shows the operating activities involving expenditures and revenues. The various types of operating budgets I work with include revenue, expense and profit budgets. Revenue budget mainly identifies the revenue needed by the organization and mainly projects organization’s future sales. Expense budget is an operating budget that identifies expected future expenses during the budget period. These include fixed, variable and discretionary costs. Profit budget, on the other hand, is a combination of revenue and expense budget into a single statement to reveal the net and gross profit realized during the period. This budget is important because it aids in making final resource allocation (Ippolito, 2004). Working with different types of budget separating makes work harder as the organization I work with has been adopting this system. To make work easier, it is imperative that these budgets should be linked together in form of a master budget. A muster budget will be able to incorporate all the organizations financial and operating plans for the entire period (Cooke

Role And Importance Of Operations Management

Role And Importance Of Operations Management Operations Management is very important for managing large firms and running them successfully. Operation management is mainly related to production of goods and services in an organisation. The main purpose of the operations management is to run the business operations successfully, smoothly and effectively by using the minimum resources and meeting customer expectations. Thus we can say that operations management is the process of converting minimum input like raw materials, labour to produce maximum output like products, goods and services. Operations Management is very crucial factor in order to increase companys profit. Operations management is not only responsible for producing goods but also take control of distribution of services. Operation management is just not related to organizations it can be seen in our daily activities of life also. The following quotation explains how operations management is found in our daily life Operations management is about the way organizations produce goods and services. Everything you wear, eat, sit on, use, read or knock about on the sports field comes to you courtesy of the operations managers who organized its production. Every book you borrow from the library, every treatment you receive at the hospital, every service you expect in the shops and every lecture you attend at university all have been produced. (Slack et al, 1995) Some examples of operation management can be like A carpenter who uses a piece of wood , cuts and planes it, and then polishes it to produce a piece of furniture When u want to book a holiday a tourist operator finds and provide information to you and helps by giving advices on places to visit and stay. ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF OPERATIONS MANGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION Operations management plays a very crucial role in organisations as they produce professional managers which are capable of achieving organisations strategic goals in a defined period of time. Operations management is the heart of any organization as it controls the whole operation system of the organization. Operations management handles issues like design, operation, and maintenance and improvement of the systems used to produce companys vital products and services. Operations management has clear management responsibilities like in marketing and finance. Operations management is very necessary in an organisation to manage the activities. With the help of Operations management an organisation is able to make good use of their resources like human labour and inputs are used as required. Operations management helps an organization to achieve its main goal of making profit and maximising its shareholders through its activities. Cost of production is reduced to ensure that tangible and intangible assets are not over stretched or wasted in an organisation. Organisations make good use of its product and services management through Operations management. Product management includes a wide range of activities starting from the point when a new idea for the product is developed to eventually provide customer support to those who have purchased the product. Every organisation conducts product management no matter it is done intentionally or unintentionally. Another important aspect of Operations management is quality management. Every organisation is very much concerned about the products which are manufactured or developed for the customers in the market. Quality management is very important to have efficient operations management, mainly if it is for continuous improvement in order to go with the consumers taste and preferences. Lately benchmarking and quality management, outsourcing and reengineering has taken operations management to an advanced level to produce high quality. Adoption of reengineering and benchmarking by the organisation helps them to be a leader in their category of products in the market. Benchmarking is considered as the best internal auditing process which the company uses to identify its weaknesses and then converting them into strength in order to increase its customers in the market. One cannot think of Operations management in an organisation without Management control and Coordinating function. Management control and coordination includes different types of activities to make sure that the companys goals are constantly being met in an effective and efficient way. Organizations mainly make use of organizational coordination and control in order to adopt a systematic approach to figure out if it is actually doing what it wanted to be doing or not. Some of the major approaches to the companys organizational control and coordination include product evaluation, product distribution, advertising and promotion, sales and service and product development. Organizations use advertisements as a most important instrument to reach the customer and reorient the awareness of customers about its products. In this fast expanding and competitive marketplace, the company make certain that its products and services are significantly in the minds of their customers and clients. Thi s takes place as a result of ongoing advertising and promotion by the organization. Facilities management is also a necessary function and is of great importance in operations management. Effective operations management in the companys activities highly depends on a great deal of effective management of facilities, such as buildings, computer systems, signage, lighting and plants and machinery. In a situation of high demand which could call for higher or mass production, facilities needs to be managed in producing large quantities of products which must be standardized to meet the market demand at specific period. Well managed facilities like plants and machinery in the company help in production speed, lower per unit cost, ease of manufacture and control and the efficiency in the companys production process Task 19.1.b The strategic objectives of Toyota are Profit Quality and Innovation Image and reputation Social issues Satisfying customers Market power Survival SWOT ANALYSIS OF TOYOTA A SWOT analysis is a simple but widely used tool that helps in understanding the strengths , weakness , opportunities and threats involved in a project or business activity. It starts by defining the objective of the project or business activity and identifies the internal and external factors that are important in order to achieve the objective. Internal factors can be divided into strengths and weakness and opportunities and threats can be identified as external . STRENGTHS Toyota is the worlds largest automobile maker by sales. Toyota also owns and operates Lexus and Scion brands and has a majority shareholding stake in Daihatsu and Hino motors. Toyota also provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services and also builds robots. Toyota Motor Corporation (including Toyota Financial Services) and Toyota Industries form the bulk of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ OPPURTUNITIES Should increase their shareholdings in Fuji Heavy industries, Isuzu Motors , Yamaha motors, and Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation WEAKNESS On May 8, 2009, Toyota reported a record annual net loss of US$4.2 billion, making it the latest automobile maker to be severely affected by the 2007-2010 financial crisis Manufacturers need to make sure that it is their models that consumers want versus competitors. Sales has been affected by the financial crisis Failure of Toyota production system based on the current recalls. Company needs to cautiously keep producing cars in order to retain its operational efficiency, especially in the case of the Prius, which the case study states that it needs reprogramming of its Abs system. THREATS In January 2010, Toyota announced it was recalling up to 1.8 million cars across Europe, including about 220,000 in the UK, following problems with defective accelerator pedals Many Toyota models were involved, covering the 2007-2010 model years. Toyota subsequently recalled the Prius model for reprogramming of its ABS system. The U.S. Sales Chief, James Lentz, was questioned by the United States Congress committees on Oversight and Investigations on February 23, 2010, as a result of recent recalls On 6 April 2010, The US government sought a record penalty of US$16.375 million from Toyota for its delayed response in notifying the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regarding the defective accelerator pedals The company said the recalls could cost the company up to US$2 billion (GB £1.25 billion) in lost output and sales TASK 19.1.C A company main aim should be to satisfy its customers requirements for fast and dependable services at reasonable price, as well as helping its own suppliers to improve services they offer. There are five basic performance objectives and they apply to all types of operation: Quality Speed Dependability Flexibility Cost (Slack, N. et al, 2001). These operations performance objectives are analysed here in accordance to Toyota. Toyotas record has been successful all around the world as it has been chosen by different market research and analysis for the car of the year for many years. Toyotas success went on growing because of the high quality which thereby leads to the largest maker of the automobiles based on the sales throughout the world. Toyota have also produced cars which are of better qualities which are suspended and do not release unlikeable smoke. For example more than 40 emission- managing systems and equipments which has enhanced passenger car protections. (Ahmed, A., 2003,). Another main task is speed which signifies to reduce the time between the instruction and accessibility of the product and services which thereby leads to the speed benefits for the customers.Toyota performance is focused on tasks by using small and simple machines which reduce complications which are flexible and vigorous. By rescheduling the plans and the stream to improve simplicity and the swiftness of manufacturing. In the late 1980s, it is reflected in the statistics that the productivity per employee compared to the US and European plants is as much as two or three times higher than them. The third presentation aim is dependability which means completing the tasks in time for the customers so that they receive their merchandise and services on the date and time as been promised. The Just -in-Time (JIT) production system allows the engineers to deliver products of highest quality through their Kanban control system. Toyota needs to improve its efficiency and quality as it is important for managers, technicians and employees and b doing this customers will feel more reliable about the products of the Toyota. A clear result of responding to a dynamic environment is that organisation change their products and services and changes the way they do business. This performance objective is known as flexibility. (Peters, T., 1998) argues that we must learn to love change and develop flexible and responsive organizations to cope with the dynamic business environment. In the Toyota plant it means the ability to adopt its manufacturing resources so that it can launch new models. The coursework analyses that, Toyota was able to achieve high level of flexibility, producing relatively small batches of different models with little or no loss of productivity or quality. Toyota during the years has provided a range of options that customers are able to choose. One major operations objective, especially where companies compete with prices is cost. Low price is a universal attractive objective to customers, which can be achieved by producing goods at lower costs. In order to do things cheaply, Toyota seek to influence the cost of goods and services, so for the future Toyota has planned to shift their production of multipurpose vehicles and pick-up trucks on different countries around the world (e.g. Argentina, South Africa). Also, internally, cost performance is helped by good performance in the other performance objectives that Toyota has managed to produce high quality vehicles at a reasonable prices. By using and improving quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost operations performance, TMC has seen a global growth and high percentage of customer satisfaction. Because of the success of these operation performance objectives Japanese style (Toyotism) of manufacturing and product developments has come to be studied and emulated around the world . TMC is world leader in supply chain management, and to keep its production at the high quality, maximum speed, on time delivery, flexibility and at the lowest cost TMC works with its suppliers to make sure that they are also the best suppliers in the industry. Shifting its operation in different countries searching for cheap inputs (row material and labour) makes it easier to produce products at a lower cost and good quality. Operating continentally also gives dependability advantage to its customers by making it easy to deliver its production in the market place. Using these operation performance objectives TMC has managed to k eep its customers happy and compete successfully with others companies in global market. Task 19.2.a Toyota uses lean manufacturing system to produce continuous goods and services. Tools like just in time, cellular manufacturing, total productive maintenance, single minute exchange of dies. Lean manufacturing system came into Japan after World War II when they were run out of material, financial and human resources. This system is also known as Toyota Production System which is now recognized all over the world. The basic ideas behind lean manufacturing system are waste elimination, cost reduction, and employee empowerment. Employee empowerment of Toyota can be seen through the fact that the company employs approximately 320,000 people worldwide. The lean manufacturing system aims to work in every aspect of the value stream by eliminating waste in order to reduce cost, generate capital and bring in more sales and remain in competitive in a growing global market which can be seen through the fact that Toyota is the largest automobile maker by sales. Task 19.2.b As defined by the Praxiom Research Group, an audit is an evidence gathering process. The main purpose of the Quality Audit is to establish maximum evidence in order to find out whether or not the company is in control of its processes and documents. This kind of evidence is collected through observations, interviews, and requests for documentation. Full training is provided to auditors so they can exactly find out if corporate quality management systems are in compliance with preset standards. Toyotas recall problems indicate that there has been a general quality defect because of poor decision making and supply chain management. In my view Toyota should have third part audit which is done by an external because I think as company has some malfunction in their production system so it is better if a professional agency do their audit so next time there should be no flaws in the models which are going to be developed and it can be assured that the raw materials and products which are m anufactured are safe. Task 19.2.c Quality culture generally means inclusion of quality in the overall system of an organization which creates a positive internal environment and provides guarantee customer satisfaction. A good decision making at all levels of management is very necessary for maintaining such quality culture in the organization which can be attained by self realization at the top level or by trainings and workshops or following of benchmark organizations. Toyotas quality culture is to produce best products in the very first attempt. Innovation also forms a very important part of quality culture in Toyota and meet challenges with courage and creativity for the continuous improvement. Customer satisfaction is also a very important aspect of quality culture in Toyota. Another important aspect of the quality culture is keeping track of consumer complaints and analysing them for quick fix. In my view Toyota should not compromise with quality of their product and give growth more importance over quality. In a run to make more products they are not giving 100% in the manufacturing of their products. In order to achieve their growth targets and to become the worlds largest automotive manufacturer Toyota lost sight of the key values that gave company the reputation in the first place. Task 19.3.a Toyota Motors Corporation all throughout its history from Kaizen to Toyota Production System to further Kaizen has strived not only to maintain its current market position, but to improve it as well. The engineers should make sure that they make best products in the very first attempt. The organisation should not make haste in manufacturing the products just in order to increase the growth. Task 19.3.b In Toyota Motors Corporations 2008 Annual report, the company said that As the automobile industry faces a turning point in its history, Toyota aims to achieve sustainable growth by building a more flexible and stronger corporate structure to meet the challenges ahead (p. 1). The real question remains. That is, what specific strategies shall Toyota adopts in order to build a more flexible and stronger corporate structure when time and business environment dictate that its Kaizen, Further Kaizen, and Toyota Production System are no longer enough for the current and future demands of the marketplace? Blue Ocean Strategy In the preface of their book, Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, succinctly wrote that there are no permanently excellent companies, just as there are no permanently excellent industries (2005, p. x). Hence, no matter how successful Toyota Motors Corporation is over its 70 years existence does not guarantee the same success in the next 70 years. The authors, therefore, proposed a new management theory blue ocean strategy. The Blue Ocean Strategy is, according to Kim and Mauborgne, Blue ocean strategy challenges companies to break out of the red ocean of bloody competition by creating uncontested market space that makes the competition irrelevant. Instead of dividing up existing-and often shrinking-demand and benchmarking competitors, blue ocean strategy is about growing demand and breaking away from the competition (2008, p. x) The most startling conclusion of the blue ocean strategy is well depicted by the authors conclusion on Cirque du Soleils circumstances: the circus company succeeded because it realized that to win in the future, companies must stop competing with each other (Kim Mauborgne 2005, p. 4). In Toyotas history it is clear that its management has not arrived at the same conclusion. This can be ascertained from the Chairmans, Fujio Cho, message in Toyota Motors Corporations 2008 Annual Report: Toyota aims to achieve sustained, long-term growth by providing high-quality vehicles to people everywhere, and by contributing to the realization of a bountiful and nurturing society (2008, p. 6). What is not aligned with the blue ocean strategy in this phrase is that every other automobile company Ford, GM, Honda, etc. are also saying the same thing or the likes of it. Clearly this strategy is not going to work in the long run at all if Toyota wants to remain as one of the top ten in Fortune Global 500. In contrast, the blue ocean strategy goes out of just mere providing high-quality vehicles which are what everyone else is providing. As shown in the figure below blue oceans have the most impact on profit though least impact on revenue compared to red oceans. Figure 1 Blue Oceans vs. Red Oceans Source: Kim Mauborgne 2005, p. 7 The changing environments as presented by Toyota in its presentation for its financial results for 2008 and as discussed in the earlier part of this paper, and as outlined by the Blue Ocean Strategy presents several driving forces behind a rising imperative to create blue oceans (Kim Mauborgne 2005, p. 8). These driving forces, unfortunately, will not disappear, hence Toyota must act now and create its own undisputed market in the automobile industry. To fully realize the benefits of the blue ocean strategy a strategy canvas must be created. The canvas is the central diagnostic and action framework for building a compelling blue ocean strategy (Blue Ocean Strategy 2008). Total customer experience is now the new differentiator (Mascarenhas, Kesavan Bernacchi 2006, p. 397) which is exactly the point in the blue ocean strategy. Toyota Motors Corporation, in its current and future business environment, must deliver total customer experience. However, there is a need for care in interpreting each customers total experience: Obviously, by definition, TCE is customer-dependent and hence, is different for each customer. Compared with service outlets such as restaurants, hotels or banks, there is potential for great diversity in customer experience, because the customer may seek a wide variety of different services or products. Each stage of this consumption-journey involves an experience that the provider must try to optimize and the customer must [capitalize] (Mascarenhas, Kesavan Bernacchi 2006, p. 415). The key therefore is to attain an accurate understanding. Task 19.3.c More than ever, the human resource strategies, objective, systems and processes of the organization must be integrated and synchronized with the overall Toyota Motors Corporations strategies, objective, systems and processes and the rest of the organization. Human resource as one of the key success factors in implementing the blue ocean strategy must be able to support and not detract the company from it. Hence, the personnel selection, training and development, and performance appraisal processes should be seamlessly integrated into the whole organizational structure ad systems to ensure that all these systems are working towards the same goal: creating uncontested market space and making the competition irrelevant. Mondy Noe defined recruitment as the process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers, and with appropriate qualifications, and encouraging them to apply for jobs with an [organization] (2005, p. 199). The objective of the selection process for any type of [organization] is selecting the best individual suited for a particular position and the organization (Mondy Noe, 2005, p. 162). Hence, for TMC the goal of the organizations selection process should be selecting the best individual suited for the vacant position and have the necessary capability to help the company in its quest in making the competition irrelevant. On the other hand, the performance appraisal system is a formal system of review and evaluation of individual or team task performance (Mondy Noe, 2005, p. 252) to determine who should be promoted, demoted, transferred, or terminated (Anthony, Kacmar Perrewe, 2002, p. 354). Several of the factors that affect the effectiveness of an appraisal system are job-related criteria, performance expectations, standardization, trained appraisers, continuous open communication, performance reviews, and due process (Mondy Noe, 2005, pp. 270-272). Managing employee performance is one of the more difficult and complex activities within an organization. Unlike the other resources of a business, the human resource is not very easy to control: people think and act accordingly. Anthony, Kacmar Perrewe wrote that an effective performance appraisal system are not only tools for evaluating the work of employees but also for developing and motivating employees (2002, p. 351). These benefits are central to why the performance appraisal system was developed in organizations: employees need to be motivated and developed in order to perform their jobs effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, the appraisal system of a company can also be used to determine who needs formal training and development opportunities (Anthony, Kacmar Perrewe, 2002, p. 354). In the end, all of these will result to a better equipped human resource. Hence, for Toyota Motors Corporation its performance appraisal system must be redesigned to fit the blue ocean strategy of the company. As a vital component in motivating its employees, the human resource performance appraisal system of TMC should not operate in a vacuum, rather it must support the goal of developing organizational competencies to make the competition irrelevant. What had Toyota Motors Corporation done for its worldwide human resource management is admirable it developed HRM practices to sustain the Toyota Production System (Winfield 1994, p. 41). However, today it is no longer enough. It is time that Toyota models its human resource management practices to sustain the blue ocean strategy. The researcher believes that TPS is a component of blue ocean strategy; hence it should not be the end goal in designing the companys human resource management system and its other systems. The four goals as promoted by the companys existing human resource management practices are employee commitment, workforce flexibility and adaptability, quality (Winfield 1994, p. 50) in the blue ocean strategy perspective are only several of the factors needed in creating an uncontestable market as opposed to the current practice (these four goals are the main goals). Task 19.3.d As competition become more and more intense, companies such as Toyota Motors Corporation which are leaders in their industries can not afford to become complacent. Rather they must again pioneer developments in their fields. These companies have to integrate all their resources, use these resources efficiently and effectively to attain organizational goals. As the workforce becomes varied and as competition within industries becomes more intense, the need to effectively and efficiently manage human resources to gain, develop and sustain competitive advantages is becoming more important. In integrating the blue ocean strategy to its overall strategy, Toyota Motors Corporation must not forget that the most important factor in order for such strategy to succeed is its human resource.